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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bone marrow production begins
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5 months gestation
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hematopoeisis begins
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full term infant
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hematopoesis continues where
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axial and proximal appendicular skeleton
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extramedullary hematopoiesis
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fatt marrow can convert back to a more hematopoietic marrow; sleep and liver can revery back to being hematopoietic in this
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bone marrow components
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cords (hematopoeitic cells)
venous sinuses (endothelial cells and surrounded by BM) |
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ROLE Of venous sinuses
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collect mature cells and transport them into the blood
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hematopoeitic elements and locations
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erythroid precursors (adjacent to sinuses)
granuloctic precursors (deep in cord) megakaryocytes (adjacent to sinuses) |
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accessory cells found in BM
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stromal cells
fat cells fibroblasts macs monos lymphos |
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all cells of hte body are derived from what type of cell
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the hematopoietic stem cell
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general chain of events from hematopoietic stem cell
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stem cell
committed stem cell lymphoid or myeloid/erythroid lineage |
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progenitors of erythrocytes
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pluripotent hematopoietic cell -> common myeloid progenitor ->megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitory -> erythroblast -> erythrocyte
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what happens when erythroblast turns into erythrocyte
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-cell becomes smaller
-chromatin progresses from fine to coarse -nucleus is extruded -cytoplasm changes from blue to pinkish-red due to synthesis of Hb |
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maturation sequence of erythrocyte
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pronormoblast
basophilic normoblast polychromatophilic normoblast orthochromic normoblasts reticulocyte |
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BFU-E vs CFU-E:
proliferative capacity |
BFU > CFU
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BFU-E vs CFU-E:
receptors |
CFU > BFU
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BFU-E vs CFU-E:
maturation |
BFU to CFU with IL3, GM-CSF, TPO, kit ligand
CFU to pronormoblast with EPO |
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where is EPO made
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renal peritubular intersitial cells or renal tubular cells
small amount made in liver |
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effect of EPO
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-induces Hb synthesis
-CFU-E to pronormoblasts -prevents apoptosis of RBC precursors |
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embryonic Hbs cease prodcution when?
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4 months gestation
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gene location of Beta
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chrom 11
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gene location of alpha
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2 on chromosome 16
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heme synthesis precursors
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glycine
succinyl-CoA |
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heme synthesis location
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Mi
cytosol |
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control of heme synthesis
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negative feedback loop
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disorders of heme synthesis are known as
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prophyrias
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heme synthesis pathway
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succinyl CoA + glycine
ALA PBG uroporphyrinogens coproporphyrinogen protoporphyrinogen heme |
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porphyrias
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Acute intermittent
Congenital erythropoietic Prophyria cutanea tarda Hereditary coproporphyria Variegate prophyria erythrocpoietic Protoprophyria |
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clincial characteristics of porphyrias
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skin leasions on sun-exposed areas and acute neurovisceral attacks characterized by abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy, and mental disturbances
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skin lesions are due to
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porphytin-catalyzed photo damage
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acute neurovisceral attacks are due to
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increased production to delta-amino levulinic acid (ALA)
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acute porphyrias
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A
H V ALA |
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nonacute porphyrias
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C
P P |
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lead poisoning effect on heme synthesis
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lead causes and intracellular iron deficiency so that Zn replaces iron as substrate for ferrochelatase
-ALAD and COP inhibition -increases urinary ALA and coproporphyrinIII excretion -causes accumulation of Zn protoporphyrin in erythrocytes |
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microscopic indications of lead poisoning
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basophilic stippling
-lead interferes with ribosomal RNA breakdown, causing undegraded ribosomes to aggregate |
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characteristics of reticulocyte
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larger than mature RBC
bluer cytoplasm less central pallor |
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what makes up the reticulum
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RNA
polyribosomes degenerating organelles |
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lifespan of reticulum
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2 days in BM
1 day in PB removed by spleen |
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physical characteristics of erythrocytes
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6-8 microns in diameter
biconcave disc no nucleus 120 day lifespan |
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variation in size
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anisocytosis
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variation in shape
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poikilocytosis
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amount of color
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chromia
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decreased Hb per RBC
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hypochromia
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increased Hb per RBC
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hyperchromia
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bluer than normal
why? |
polychromatophilic
immature RBC |
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pappenheimer bodies
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ferric iron; siderotic granule
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cabot ring
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mitotic spindle remnant
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basophilic stipping
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precipitated RNA
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babesia
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parasite inclusions
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reticulum inclusions
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ribosomes/deg organelles
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Hb H inclusion
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precipitate of beta globin chains
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Heinz bodies
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denatured Hb
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howel-jolly body
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fragmented DNA
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what is MCV
normal range |
mean corpuscular volume
avg RBC size 82-97 fL |
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what is MCH
normal range |
mean corpscular Hb
-Hb amount per RBC 28-34 pg |
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what is MCHC
normal range |
mean corpscular Hb concentration
-Hb amount relative to size of RBC |
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what is RDW
normal range? |
red cell distribution width
-variation in size of RBCs 11.2-14.8% |
