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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allergic funcal rihnosinus
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type I hypersensitivity
fungal (often aspergillis) infectioun - no invasion -> mucin see invasion if immunocompromised - diabetic ketoacidosis see curschmann spirals (in nose) |
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necrotizing lesion of upper airways
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invasive fungal rhinosinusitis
wegeners angiocentric NK/T ell lymphoma |
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invasive fungal rhinosinusitis
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see in diabetic ketoacidosis or immuno compromised
aspergillis mucor |
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wegeners granulomatosis
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triad of lesions - upper respiratory, lower respiratory, kidney
necrotizing granulomas and vasculitis |
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angiocentric NK/T-cell lymphoma
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lethal midline granuloma
polymorphic reticulosis associated with EBV |
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post infection consequences of group A strep
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rheumatic fever
glomerulonephritis |
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pharyngitis
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see exudative pseudomembraine
injected - visable vssels -> adenotonsillar hyperplasia -> upper airway obstruction |
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nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
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males 10-25
sessile pedunculated tumor with lots of blood vessels and fibrous stroma can hemorrhage |
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sinonasal papilloma
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schniderian, transitional cell, cylindrical cell
see with HPV (types 6, 11) obstruction, nose bleeds can turn into squamous cell carcinoma |
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olfactory neuroblastoma
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wide age range
arise from olfactory neuroendocrine cells - small blue cells malignant - worry about brain invasion |
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direct laryngoscopy - where is the anterior commisure in the image
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anterior commisure is on the bottom
opposite for indirect |
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epiglottitis
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H influenza cause - CLASSIC - but less common now due to vaccine
beta - hemolytic strep possible --> obstruction, croup |
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laryngeal nodules
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unilateral: vocal coard polyp - heavy smoking
bilateral: singers nodes - vocal cord strain, heavy smoking reactive squamous epithelium with myxoid core changes character of voice |
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juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis
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children
see multiple, multifocal recurrent -> obstruction usually regress by puberty |
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squamous papilloma
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adults
solitary true vocal cords do not recurr often |
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laryngeal papilloma
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HPV type 6, 11
papillary projections low malignant potential unless hit with radiation excise them, no radiation |
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suqamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
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due to inhalation and ingestion - smoking and alcohol
more common in pharynx because its expose to both nasal and oral smoking, alcohol synergism also can be caused by EBV, HPV hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis - leukoplakia of larynx (keratosis) |
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nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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africa in children
South China in adults rare in US squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharynx - well to moderately differentiated silent growth then metastases |
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lymphoepitheloma
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undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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carcinoma of larynx which is type (superglottic, glottic, or infraglottic) is worse
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infraglottic is worse
glottic is not as bad because found early and exists in a lymph watershed area - harder to metastasis |
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otitis externa
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swimmers ear
staph aureus psuedomonas (hot tubs) can -> aural polyps malignant if have diabetes mellitus or immunocompromized -> necrotizing |
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otitis media
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noninfectious - obstruction of eustascian tube - buildup of negative pressure -> plasma gets suked in
infectious - ascending up eustacian tube -acute -> strep pneumonia (most common) or H. influenza -chronic -> pseudomonas, staph aurus can -> perforate tympanic membrane, aural polyps |
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cholesteatoma
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chronic otitis medeia with perforation of tympanic membrane
ingrowth of squamous epithelium through perforation squamous cell nest -> cystic keratinous debris and cholesterol crystals can rupture or cause secondary infection |
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otosclerosis
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abnormal bone deposition about rim of oval window
pagat disease - uncoupled normal bone resorption and formation -> hearing loss proportional to degree of immobilization |
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neoplasms of ear
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basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas of auricle/pinna
-eldery men, sun exposure squamous cell carcinoma of ear canal -middle aged women, not associated with sun exposure |
