Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which drugs cause gynecomastia as a side effect?
|
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers! - Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, Alcohol, Ketoconazole
|
|
|
Finasteride use and mechanism
|
used for BPH bc it reduces volume of prostate and male-pattern baldness;
blocks 5-alpha-reductase to prevent conversion of T to DHT discordant decrease in DHT |
|
|
Flutamide use and mechanism
|
nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens. blocks T receptor. Used in prostate carcinoma
|
|
|
Ketoconazole use and mechanism
side effect? |
inhibits steroid synthesis (inhibits 17,20 desmolase);
used in treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism gynecomastia and amenorrhea |
|
|
Spironolactone use and mechanism
side effect? |
inhibits steroid binding; used in Polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism
gynecomastia and amenorrhea |
|
|
Mechanism of Leuprolide?
|
GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion. Antagonist when used continuously.
down regulates GnRH receptor in pituitary which decreases FSH/LH |
|
|
Uses of Leuprolide?
|
Infertility (pulsatile); prostate cancer (continuous use with flutamide); uterine fibroids
|
|
|
Toxicity of Leuprolide?
|
antiandrogen, nausea, vomiting
|
|
|
Sildenafil, Vardenafil mechanism
what is is similar to? |
Inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase --> increased cGMP --> smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum --> increased blood flow --> PENILE ERECTION!
ANP and NO which both increase cGMP |
|
|
Toxicity of Sildenafil and Vardenafil?
|
HA, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue-green color vision. DO NOT USE WITH NITRATES!!! causes hypotension
Hot and sweaty, but then headache, heartburn, hypertention |
|
|
mechanism of Mifepristone (RU-486)?
|
competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptors
|
|
|
clinical use of mifepristone
|
termination of pregnancy. used with misoprostol (PGE1)
|
|
|
toxicity of mifepristone
|
heavy bleeding, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorerxia), abdominal pain
|
|
|
advantages of OCPs?
|
decreased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer; decreased incidence of ectopic pregnancy, decreased pelvic infections, regulation of menses
|
|
|
disadvantages of OCPs?
|
no protection against STDs, increased triglycerides, depression, weight gain, nausea, hypertension, hypercoagulable state
|
|
|
What is Dinoprostone?
|
PGE2 analog causing cervical dilation and uterine contraction, inducing labor
|
|
|
Ritodrine/Terbutaline are what?
|
B2 agonists that relax the uterus, reduces premature contractions
|
|
|
What is anastrozole?
|
aromatase inhibitor used in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
|
|
|
What are the toxicities of estrogens (ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol)
|
increased risk of endometrial cancer, bleeding in postmenopausal women, clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina in females exposed to DES in utero, increased risk of thrombi
|
|
|
What is the toxicity of testosterone?
|
masculinization in females; reduces intratesticular testosterone in males by inhibiting Leydig cells; leads to gonadal atrophy. premature closure of epiphyseal plates. increased LDL, decreased HDL
|
|
|
Mechanism of Clomiphene?
|
partial agonist at estrogen receptors in pituitary gland. prevents normal feedback inhibition and increased release of LH and FSH from pituitary, which stimulates ovulation
|
|
|
Uses of Clomiphene?
|
treat infertility and PCOS.
|
|
|
toxicity of clomiphene?
|
hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple pregnancies, visual disturbances
|
|
|
mechanism of Tamoxifen?
side effect? |
estrogen antagonist on breast tissue. used to prevent recurrence of ER-positive breast cancer
can cause endometrial hyperplasia and possible endometrial cancer |
|
|
mechanism and use of Raloxifene?
|
estrogen agonist on bone; reduces reabsorption of bone; used to treat osteoporosis
|
|
|
danazol MoA
|
synthetic androgen that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors
|
|
|
danazol use
|
endometriosis and herdiary angiodema
|
|
|
danazol toxicity
|
weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, masculinization, low HDL , hepatoxicity.
|
