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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chronic abacterial prostatitis
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more than 10 WBCs/hpf
no bacteria isolated possible organisms: mycoplasma hominis, chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum PSA levels often slightly elevated |
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immature teratoma
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primative neuroepithelial cells or developing skeletal muscle cells are seen
(mature contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands) |
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zona pellucida
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surrounds the ovum
stains bright pink with PAS acellular, contains glycoproteins and polysaccharides *binding of sperm triggers acrosome reaction ->digests zona pellucida and allows spermatazoan to contact and fuse w/ovum cell membrane |
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Bartholin's gland cyst
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3-5 cm cyst in labia majora, typically sequelae to previous infection
lined by transitional epi or metaplastic squamous epi |
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dysfunctional uterine bleeding
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most common cause is anovulation
[excessive estrogen without post-ovulatory progesterone] usually occurs around menarche or menopause histo: proliferative endothelium with stromal breakdown |
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monozygotic twins
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monochorionic diamniotic placenta
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marker expressed by leiomyoma cells
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smooth-muscle actin
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placental alkaline phosphatase
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produced by seminomas [dysgerminomas]
used for Dx and follow up |
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role of prolactin in the male
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prolactin receptors are on Leydig cells, and stimulates testosterone production
excessive PRL reduces # of LH receptors |
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Leydig cell tumors
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can secrete androgens, estrogens or corticosteroids (rare)
can present w/gynecomastia golden brown testicular tumor, large uniform cells w/indistinct borders, and rod-shaped crystals |
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Klinefelter's syndrome
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XXY
few symptoms before puberty seminiferous tubules fail to enlarge and undergo fibrosis/hyalinization leydig cells are hyperplastic and clumped together-> decreased testosterone secretion increased LH levels, leads to estrogen production increased FSH due to low inhibin |
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Bowen's disease
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in-situ penile carcinoma
opaque, grey-white relatively flat penile plaque histo: dysplastic squamous epi 10% risk of progressing to invasive squamous cell CA |
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maternal blood levels of _____ are dependant on a viable fetus
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estriol [produced by fetal adrenal cortex and liver]
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most common causes of maternal death in pre-eclampsia
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cerebral hemorrhage and adult respiratory distress syndrome
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malignant mixed muellerian tumor
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stromal and epithelial components
rare and highly aggressive 25% 5 year survival rate usually affects older women |
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flutamide
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competative antagonist at androgen receptors
used for prostate CA Tx often used with GnRH analogues |
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complete androgen resistance
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XY and testes
but developed female phenotype in-utero but vagina ends in blind sac b/c mullerian regression factor from testes prevents uterus formation no pubic or axillary hair but breasts do develop |
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Krukenberg tumor
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ovarian mets of a mucin producing adenocarcinoma
bilateral ovarian involvement usually from GI primary only 5% of ovarian malignancies |
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PCOS
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amenorrhea and hirsuitism (excessive ovarian androgen production)
increased LH, low FSH theca cell hyperplasia + granulosa cell atrophy numerous cystic follicles present |
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Paget disease of the nipple
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inflammation, pigmentation and eczematoid changes
often indicates underlying adenocarcinoma |
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initial event in pathogenesis of preeclampsia
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placental ischemia
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breast cancer with the best prognosis
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tubular carcinoma
women < 50 well formed tubules that are very well differentiated <10% have axillary mets |
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seminomas have elevated _____
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LDH
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posterior fornix of the vagina is in contact with...
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the floor of the rectouterine space
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adenomyosis
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endometrial glands w/in the myometrium of the uterus
undergo cyclic changes w/menstruation presents w/ pain and ultrasound with myometrial thickening |
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location of deep inguinal ring
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1/2 inch above midpoint of the inguinal ligament
(indirect inguinal hernias enter the inguinal canal thru this) |
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cryptorchidism is ass'd with an increased risk of ____
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testicular carcinoma (usually in 30s)
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precocious puberty is associated with
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glomerulosa cell tumors (secrete high levels of estrogen)
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pathophys of hydrocele of spermatic cord
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incomplete fusion of the processes vaginalis
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communication btwn epididymis and tunica vaginalis
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spermatocele
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fat necrosis
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multinucleated giant cells
usually as a result of trauma or following surgery |
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Meig's syndrome
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R sided hydrothorax, ascites and ovarian tumor [usually fibroma]
low back pain and stretching or pulling sensation are characteristic of ascites |
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most common site of fertilization
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ampulla of uterine tube
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structures in the deep perineal space of males
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spincter urethrae muscle
deep transverse perineal muscle bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland *in the region of the middle layer of the urogenital diaphragm |
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lymphatic drainage of the testes
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para-aortic nodes
(b/c they arise high in the abdomen) **also know the drainage of colon cancers ->below pectineal line = inguinal [palpable] nodes ->above = iliac nodes |
