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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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in a woman's cylce when is body temp highest?
due to what hormone |
shortly after ovulation due to the metabolic effects of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum
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testes and ovaries drain into what lymph nodes?
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para-aortic lymph nodes
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rectal or colon cancer below the pectinate line drains into what lymph nodes?
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the superficial inguinal nodes (palpable)
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rectal or colon cancer above the pectinate line drains into what lymph nodes?
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iliac nodes (inside the pelvis)
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maternal levels of what is the best indicator of fetal well-being?
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estriol. 16-OH DHEA is carried by fetal circulation to the placenta where it is desulfated and aromatized to estriol
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Koilocytosis (aka koilocytotic atypia)
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= HPV infection of squamous cells of the cervix, not severe dysplasia/carcinoma.
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Polycystic ovarian syndrome - what hormones involved?
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increased LH production leads to anovulation, hyperandrogenism
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granulosa cell tumors produce what?
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estrogen
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hydrocele in infants is usually due to what?
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failure of closure of the process vaginalis
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in women which teratoma is malignant
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immature whereas in men mature teratomas are malignant
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the most common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
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anovulation. excessive estrogen stimulation causes the endometrial glands to proliferate. Persistent proliferation without a progesterone phase will eventually break down and bleed. Proliferative endometrium with stromal breakdown
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elevation of LDH seen with what?
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seminomas
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varicocele in testes
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abnormal distension of testicular vein. Causes a palpable “bag of worms” scrotal swelling. most common on the left (90%). L testicular vein compressed by the sigmoid colon
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sclerosing adenosis
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Characterized by fibrosis that distorts the glands and lobules into a whorled pattern. Associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer. seen in some cases of fibrocystic disease
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secretory endometrium looks like what?
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has long, narrow, coiled glands lined by columnar epithelium with clear apical vesicles
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proliferative endometrium
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is characterized by smaller, noncoiled glands lined with columnar epithelium without apical (secretory) vesicles
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hormone that initiates the change from proliferative to secretory endometrium?
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progesterone
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prostaglandin effect on uterus?
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induces myometrial contraction and pain. Responsible for most cases of primary dysmenorrhea
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meigs syndrome?
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triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, and hydrothorax
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what landmark separates the greater sciatic foramen from the lesser sciatic foramen
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the ischial spine
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Palpation of what allows the physician to locate the pudendal nerve in order to perform a pudendal block
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ischial spine
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external feminization with male internal reproductive tract occurs when?
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5 alpha reductase deficiency
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external genitalia are feminized, but neither the male nor the female-type internal tract develops
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complete androgen resistance and 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency (also hypertensive)
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fribcystic breast changes increase the risk of breast cancer?
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no not unless there are associated proliferative changes. Florid epithelial hyperplasia and sclerosing adenosis leads to an increased risk of developing carcinoma
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-The most common causes of maternal death in preeclampsia?
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cerebral hemorrhage and adult respiratory distress syndrome
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krukenburg tumor aka pseudomyxoma peritonei
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ovarian metastasis of mucin producing adenocarcinoma. bilateral, arises from GI primary
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CA-125 positivity indicates what?
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ovarian carcinoma
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leuprolide
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GnRN analog
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