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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify the gross structures that make up the renal system |
kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra |
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outline the general functions of the renal system |
adjusts blood volume and blood pressure regulates blood plasma concentrations of electrolytes stabilizes blood pH conserves nutrients removes drugs & toxins from the bloodstream. does this by filtration and reabsorption. |
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Describe the structure and function of the ureters, bladder and urethra, including differences between the sexes |
ureters: 2 tubes which carry urine from renal pelvis of the kidney to bladder. Bladder: Stores urine. can expand and contract (3 layers of smooth M), sphincters close it until time to pee. Urethra: conducts urine to outside of body. males is longer 20cm and 4cm for women. reproductive for men. |
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Describe the overall (macroscopic) structure of each kidney |
renal cortex: (most outer part) packed with nephrons Renal medulla: composed of medullary pyramids and involved in urine concentration. Renal pelvis: Collects urine and directs it into the ureters. |
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Outline the structure of a nephron and the associated blood vessels |
each kidney has millions of nephrons, tiny tubes similar to capillaries, filter water and other stuff out of the blood to produce urine. every nephron has two blood capillary beds- Glomerulus and peritubular capillaries. |
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Distinguish between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons |
two types of nephrons: Cortical: 85%. almost all in the renal cortex. Juxtamedullary: 15%, are situated close to the cortex-medulla junction and their loops of hence did deep into the medulla. |
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Outline the process of glomerular filtration, including pressure relationships, glomerular filtration rate and regulation |
the process of filtering water and small disolved solutes from the blood into the bowman capsule, as a result of high BP in the glomerulus. it is a passive process affected by pressure forces. the filtration rate is the first step in urine formation and important for cleaning blood. 125ml/min . factors determining GFR: Glomerular surface area, net filtration pressure, permeability. |
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Outline the process of tubular reabsorption, including the structures and substances involved |
the movement of substances from the filtrate in the kidney tubules back into the blood. what is reabsorbed? All organic nutrients, water, ions, bicarbonate, urea. |
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Outline the process of tubular secretion and identify why its important |
the movement of substances from the blood into the filtrate in the kidney tubules. this works to remove unwanted or excess substances from the blood. |
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Relate ADH and the medullary osmotic gradient to the concentration of urine |
df |
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Describe the role of the kidneys in the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure |
kidneys play a key role in the homeostatic maintenance of blood volume and blood pressure (BP). They do this via activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism that ultimately works to increase blood volume and blood pressure via conservation of sodium and water in the blood.
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