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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 elements of the system that regulates respiration?
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1. Sensors
2. Central controller 3. Effectors |
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What are the 2 sensor types?
What do they do? |
1. Chemoreceptors
2. Pulmonary receptors -They detect changes required for respiratory adjustments. |
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What is the central controller? What does it do?
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The MEDULLA.
-It coordinates incoming sensory info and directs respiratory activity. |
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What are the effectors?
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Respiratory muscles! (i.e., the diaphragm)
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what do respiratory centers do?
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stimulate and stop inspiration and expiration.
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what are 2 inhibitory stimulators?
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1. Pulmonary stretch receptors
2. other brain centers |
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What are 2 excitatory stimulators?
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1. Chemoreceptors mainly
2. Pulmonary irritant receptors |
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what do respiratory centers do?
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detect sensory stimuli from detectors and send the info to the medulla.
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what does the medulla do?
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analyze sensory info and respond by sending motor info down the spinal cord to alpha motor neurons and the diaphragm. increase
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what do chemoreceptors detect specifically?
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Increased CO2, H+,
and decreased O2. |
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How do pulmonary stretch receptors and chemoreceptors regulate breathing?
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1. They detect decr. o2/incr. H+ and CO2.
2. Stimulate inspiration 3. Lungs inflate, stretches stretch receptors. 4. Stretch receptors send inhibitory signal to end inhalation. NOOOOOO!! they only prevent overinflation. |
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so what is the main purpose of pulmonary stretch receptors?
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AS PROTECTION against overinflation. they do not stop inspiration.
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if pulm. stretch receptors don't stop normal inspiration, what does?
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CO2 CONCENTRATION.
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How do CO2 and O2 regulate breathing?
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Co2 levels are directly proptional to breathing rate,
O2 levels are inversely proportional to breathing rate. |
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As Po2 levels decrease from 100 mmHg, what happens to breathing?
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it only increases at Po2 of 60; remember the PLATEAU of the curve.
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What's the best way to hold your breath?
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Take rapid deep breaths to blow of and decrease CO2 levels. When Co2's not around, breathing is not stimulated.
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what detects changes in Po2, Pco2 and H+? where?
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Chemoreceptors.
Peripheral - in arterial blood Central - in the brain. |
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Chemoreceptors detect H+, but specifically where?
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H+ in the BRAIN (CSF)
NOT H+ in the blood, b/c it cannot cross the BBB. |
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How do chemoreceptors detect H+?
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when CO2 crosses the blood brain barrier, it forms HCO3- and H+, which stimulates them. What
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What receptors do detect H+ in the blood?
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PERIPHERAL chemoreceptors.
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What are the 2 types of peripheral chemoreceptors?
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-Carotid bodies
-Aortic bodies. |
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what changes do the peripheral chemoreceptors sense?
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Changes in arterial blood - CO2, O2, and H+.
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What are the 2 types of pulmonary receptors?
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-Slow-adapting Stretch receptors
-Rapid-adptng Irritant receptors |
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In what lung tissue are stretch receptors?
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in the smooth muscle of bronchioles.
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What reflex is stimulated by stretch receptors?
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the Hering-Breuer reflex
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what is the Hering-Breuer reflex?
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The stimulus to stop inspiring when the lungs inflate. but again, THIS IS NOT STOPPING NORMAL INSPIRATION. only a protective mechanism.
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What 4 things do Irritant receptors respond to?
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1. Injury
2. Inflammation 3. Touch of particles 4. Chemicals |
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What effects do irritant receptors elicit?
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-complex effects like coughing, and general inspiratory stimulus.
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