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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Motivated the development of techniques to control microbes |
i. microbes harbored in complex associations ii. grow under artificial conditions iii. invisible ; widely distributed |
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Six I's (Basic Techniques) |
1. Inoculation 2. Incubation 3. Isolation 4. Inspection 5. Information gathering 6. Identification |
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Specimen collection |
sampling the object of their interest |
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Inoculation |
- first stage of culturing - producing a culture - process to cultivate or culture - sample placed into container of medium that will support its growth |
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Incubation |
- sample placed in a controlled environment to promote growth - exposing medium go optimal growth conditions |
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Incubator |
creates the proper growth temp. and other conditions |
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Isolation |
- separate one species from another - method for separating individual microbes - separation of microbes to create isolated colonies |
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Inspection |
observing cultures macroscopically (growth appearance) and microscopically (cells) |
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Information gathering |
- testing of cultures with procedures - additional tests for microbial function & characteristics |
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Identification |
to attach a name or identity to a microbe; analysis of data to help support a final determination of the types of microbes present |
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Colony |
- macroscopic mound of cells - mass of microorganisms in a culture originating from a single cell |
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Streak plate method Loop dilution/ pour plate technique Spread plate technique |
3 kinds of technique in isolation |
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Streak plate method |
- most commonly used method - drops specimen over medium according to a pattern that gradually thins out |
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Loop dilution |
- sample is inoculated serially as to dilute - some colonies develop in the medium itself |
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Spread plate technique |
- sample is pipetted into the medium and spread evenly by a hockey stick |
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Hockey stick |
sterile spreading tool |
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Where culture media are contained |
test tubes flasks petri plates |
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Media inoculated by |
loops needles pipette swabs |
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Types of media according to 3 properties |
Physical state Chemical composition Functional type |
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Physical states |
Liquid Semisolid Solid (liquefiable) Solid (nonliquefiable) |
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Liquid media |
water based solutions that do not solidify at room temperature |
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Manifestations of microbial growth |
Cloudy Dispersed Flaky appearance |
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Types of liquid media |
Fluid thioglycollate Methylene blue milk &litmus milk Nutrient broth |
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Nutrient broth |
common laboratory liquid medium; beef extract and peptone dissolved in water |
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Methylene blue milk & litmus milk |
contains whole milk and dyes |
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Fluid thioglycollate |
slightly viscous broth;used for patterns of growth of O2 |
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Semisolid |
- exhibit clotlike consistency - used to determine the motility of bacteria and to localize a specific site |
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Examples of semisolid media |
Motility test medium Sulfur indole motility |
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Sulfur indole motility (SIM) |
hydrogen sulfide production and indole reaction |
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Solid media |
provide firm surface on which cells can form colonies |
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2 forms of solid media |
Liquefiable Nonliquefiable |
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Liquefiable |
- reversible media - changes physical properties in response to temperature (e.g agar and gelatin) |
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Agar |
- most widely used - polysaccharide isolated from red alga Gelidium |
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Gelatin |
- solid in conc. 10-15% - melts at room temperature - can be digested |
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Nonliquefiable |
remains solid after exposure to different temperature |
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Examples of nonliquefiable |
Cooked meat Rice grains Potato slices |
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2 types of chemical content of media |
Synthetic Nonsynthetic |
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Synthetic |
media with chemically defined composition |
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Nonsynthetic or complex medium |
given medium is not chemically defined and can not be represented by a chemical formula |
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Examples of complex media |
blood blood agar MacConkey agar Meat extracts or infusion Milk Nutrient broth Peptones Serum Soybean digests Yeasts extract |
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Types of media according to function |
General-purpose media Enhanced media Selective media Differential media Miscellaneous media Carbohydrate fermentation media Transport media Assay media Enumeration media |
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General purpose media |
designed to grow broad spectrum of microbes that do not have special growth req. |
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Examples of General purpose media |
Brain-heart infusion Nutrient broth/ agar Trypticase soy agar |
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