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789 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the treatment of internal haemorrhage |
-Blood transfusion - surgical intervention - requires urgent evacuation |
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What veins of the hand can be cannulated |
- cephalic vein - basilic vein - dorsal venous network - dorsal metacarpal vein |
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What veins of the arm can be cannulated |
- cephalic vein - median cubical vein - basilic vein -medial vein of forearm |
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What are the needle sizes used in EZIO |
- pink 15mm, paediatric - blue 25 mm , adult - yellow 45 mm, muscular/ obese adults |
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What is the aftercare treatment of mother and child with regards to emergency childbirth |
-checked by midwife or obstetrician ASAP - kept warm and dry -mother observed for excessive vaginal bleeding as this is an indication of incomplete placenta delivery |
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What is the management of the mother during the second stage of childbirth |
- if cervix is not fully dilated, encourage woman to pant -if cervix is fully dilated , encourage woman to push - baby’s head begins to move down the birth canal - holding dressing pad, place one hand over the anus supporting the perineum, and one over the baby’s head |
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What is the management of the mother and baby during the third stage of childbirth |
- observe for blood flow and the umbilical cord appearing at the vaginal entrance - encourage mother to push with each contraction until placenta delivered - ease placenta out with membranes -apply umbilical clamp -placenta and membranes kept for examination by midwife/ obstetrician |
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What is the management of the baby after emergency childbirth |
- lay on mother’s abdomen/chest or clean warm cloth -baby should go from blue to pink upon first breaths - wrap in warm protective clothing and hand to the mother |
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How should the baby’s head emerge during childbirth |
- facing downwards then rotate to one side |
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Complications of needle thoracentesis |
- local haemotoma - pleural infection -pneumothorax |
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3 classifications of a head injury |
- scalp wound - skull fracture - brain injuries |
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Types of wounds |
- laceration - abrasion -incision - puncture - impalement - burn - GSW/frag -external haemorrhaging |
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What is tube thoracentesis |
Insertion of a chest drain/ tube through the 5th intercostal space slightly anterior to the mid auxiliary line on affected side to remove blood/air |
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Complications with tube thoracentesis |
-back flow - blocked chest tube -haemotoma -dislodged chest tube -local/ pleural infection |
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What is an open wound |
A break in the continuity of the skin |
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Haemorrhage control |
- direct pressure - elevation -pressure point - splinting - haemostatic agent |
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3 pressure points |
- sub clavian - brachial - femoral |
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What is a closed wound |
Blunt trauma to the area causing damage to the underlying soft tissue but no break in the continuity of the skin |
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What is a fracture |
Chip, break , crack in the continuity of the bone |
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What is a closed fracture |
The bone is fractured without a break in the continuity of the skin |
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What is an open fracture |
Bone is fractured and protruding through the overlying skin |
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What is a complicated fracture |
Bone ends cause injury to important structures of the body |
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What is a comminuted fracture |
Bone has fractured into many pieces |
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Fractured rib blood loss |
150 ml each |
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Closed femoral fracture blood loss |
1.5ltr |
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Haemothorax blood loss |
Up to 2ltr each side of chest |
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Closed tibial fracture blood loss |
500ml |
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Fractured pelvis blood loss |
3ltr + |
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Fist sized blood clot blood loss |
500ml |
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Patient who wouldn’t /can’t have oral fluids |
-those requiring surgery -major abdo trauma -risk of vomiting |
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Indications for IV access |
-administration of drugs - access for fluid resuscitation - prior to chest drain / prolonged entrapment |
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Early complications of cannulation |
- haemotoma - air embolus - needle breakage - perforation of vein - shearing |
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IO access indications |
- profound shock - major burns -overwhelming sepsis - emergency vascular access -other methods have failed -cardiopulmonary arrest |
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IO contra indications |
-fractures - infection - osteoporosis |
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Types of IO |
- FAST - EZIO |
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Sites for IO |
- tibial plateau - sternum (fast) - humeral head |
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Types of shock |
- hypovolemic - septic -anaphylactic -cardiogenic - neurogenic |
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General signs and symptoms for shock |
- reduced blood pressure - increased respiratory and pulse rate -pale , cold and clammy skin -ALOC - hypoxia - anxiety |
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What is hypovalemic shock |
Results from whole blood and plasma , fluid , electrolytes loss |
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3 stages of pain relief |
- physical - splinting - psychological - reassurance -pharmacological/ pharmaceutical - drugs |
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Contra indications for fentanyl lozenge |
- head injury - difficulty breathing - ALOC - unconsciousness |
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What is entonox |
Safe analgesia, 50% nitrous oxide 50% oxygen |
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Contra indications for entonox |
- head injury -chest injury -decompression sickness - first 16 weeks of pregnancy - confused - drug/alcohol intoxication - cold conditions below 6 degrees |
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What drug is used to reverse opiod overdose |
Naloxone hydrochloride ( narcan 400mcg/ml ) |
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Contra indications of naloxone |
Known hypersensitivity |
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What are the 2 types of seizures |
-partial - generalised |
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What is poisoning |
Substance taken in sufficient quantities that can cause harm |
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Types of poisoning |
- opiate - prescribed medications - toxins / solvents - alcohol - carbon monoxide |
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What is hypoglycaemia |
Abnormal low blood sugar below 3.5 mmols |
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ICP signs and symptoms |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduced levels of consciousness - abnormal respiratory patterns - abnormal posturing |
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10 principles of continuous care |
- personal hygiene - maintain dignity - pressure areas - maintaining a safe environment - death - toileting -dressings - communication - controlling body temp - food and drink |
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What is HITMAN |
- head to toe examination - infection - tubes - medication - analgesia - nutrition and hydration |
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Burn catergories |
- thermal ( hot and cold ) - electrical - chemical - radiation - friction |
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Burn depths |
- superficial - red/swollen / tender - partial thickness - wet visible skin loss, broken skin, infection risk - full thickness -black / white leathery appearance , possible underlying structure |
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How do you measure burns |
Wallace’s rule of nine |
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What is nasogastric intubation |
Passing of a mason gastric tube via the nasal passage down the oesophagus into the stomach |
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Indications of nasogastric intubation |
-abdo injury - suspected intestinal injury - suspected peritonitis - pre/ post abdo surgery |
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Contra indications for nasogastric intubation |
-nasal trauma - suspected nasal skull fracture - intestinal perforation - |
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Complications with nasogastric intubation |
- passing tube into the trachea - damage to nasal passage - cooling of ng tube -induced vomiting |
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What is bladder catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic for diagnostic or theurapeutic reasons |
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Indications for bladder catheterisation |
- monitoring of fluid balance - unable to pass urine - abdominal pelvis injury -head injury - post anaesthetic - unmanageable incontinence |
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Contra indications for bladder catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
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Complication of bladder catheterisation |
-damaged urethra - local urinary tract infection - ureteric catheterisation |
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Types of chemical agents |
- blood - nerves - choking - blister - incapacitating |
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Signs and symptoms of an open pneumothorax |
-reduced unequal chest movement - hyper resonance - cyanosis -reduced air entry -empheysema |
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Causes of tension pneumothorax |
- blunt chest trauma - penetrating trauma |
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What are the 5 limitations of CUF |
- time - limited visibility - hostile forces/ enemy fire - limited equipment - comms difficulty |
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First 2 principles of CUF |
- win the fire fight -casualties self treat and return fire |
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What are the 3 environments of CUF and what treatment can be provided |
Non- permissive -CUF Semi- permissive - TRaPs Permissive - detailed primary survey |
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What are two types of entrapment |
-Actual , physically ensnared - Relative, trapped by injury / environment |
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Define extrication |
Removal or withdrawal of a trapped casualty |
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What are the 3 levels of extrication |
- routine - urgent - emergency |
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Definition of triage |
The assignment of treatment and evacuation priorities to the wounded and sick at each echelon of medical care |
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What are the triage priorities and colour codes |
P/T 1 - red P/T 2 - yellow P/T 3 - green P/T 4 - black ( on hold / dead ) |
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What is the scale for triage sort and what it is compromised of |
Numerical scales 0-12 BP, RR , GCS |
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Define mass casualty |
Where the amount of casualties temporarily overwhelms the available medical and logistical capabilities |
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What are the major incident levels of command |
- bronze - silver - gold |
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What are the 3 areas of operation |
- operations during peacetime - operation other than war - war fighting |
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Define a hazard |
Something that has the potential to cause harm |
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What is the acronym for scene management |
C - command and control S - safety C- communication A- assessment and extrication T- triage T- treatment T- transport |
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What is the hazard spectrum |
- trauma / burns -environmental - medical / toxilogical |
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What does methane stand for |
M - my call sign E- exact location T- types of incidents H- hazards A- access N - number and severity of casualties E- emergency services required |
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What are the 3 key elements of the framework for military acute care |
- scene management - casualty management - self |
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Indications for surgical cricothorotomy |
-trauma / burns to face and neck -conscious casualty - total upper airway obstruction |
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Equipment for surgical cric |
- bvm - scalpel - forceps - gloves - suction easy - scalpel |
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Potential complications of surgical cric |
- asphyxia - aspiration of blood - bleeding - laceration of trachea |
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Types of drowning |
- dry - secondary - fresh water - salt water - near |
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Complications associated with drowning |
- hypothermia - prolonged immersion |
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Drowning management |
-do not apply direct heat - remove wet clothing and place in a dry blanket -if shallow water consider C spine and head injury - establish airway , aspirate -if required CPR -100% o2 -check pulse at 2 sites |
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What is anaphylaxis |
A acute allergic reaction that can affect the whole body and can be fatal |
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Management of anaphylaxis |
-lay casualty down and legs elevated -epinephrine/ adrenaline 1:1000 IM - salbutamol |
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What is asthma |
Re- occurring sudden attacks of difficulty breathing characterised by wheezing and difficulty in expiration |
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What are the categories of asthma |
- mild - severe - life threatening |
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What are compressible and non compressible haemorrhages controlled by |
-compressible : CAT T, Celox , ECB, pressure point , elevation -non compressible: urgent evacuation, blood transfusion , surgery |
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Management of asthma |
-02 - salbutamol with 02 nebuliser -salbutamol 1-2 puffs of inhaler |
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Define acute poisoning |
Any substance which if taken into the body in sufficient amounts may cause harm or even death |
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Two types of poisoning |
- opiates -nerve agents |
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CPR contra indications |
-no vital signs at the scene following blunt trauma - cpr in progress - in battlefield environment |
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What is respiratory arrest |
Cessation of breathing |
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Causes of respiratory arrest |
- airway obstruction -damaged respiratory centre -trauma - drugs |
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What is a pneumothorax |
Air or gases in the pleural cavity |
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Causes of pneumothorax |
- spontaneous - trauma - blunt - penetrating - disease |
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What are the types of pneumothorax |
- open/ sucking - tension - simple |
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What is a haemothorax |
Blood in the pleural cavity |
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Two types of haemothorax |
- massive - simple |
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Definition of ET intubation |
Passing of a cuffed endotracheal tube through the vocal chords into the trachea |
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What is a flail chest/ segement |
Two or more breaks in two or more adjacent ribs |
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Movement caused by flail chest |
Paradoxical breathing |
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What is in the upper airway |
- pharynx : naso, oro, laryngo -larynx ( vocal chord) - trachea |
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What shape are the rings of cartilage in the trachea how long and wide |
- c shaped -12cm long -1-2 cm wide |
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What does the lower airway consist of |
- lungs - bronchi - bronchus -bronchioles -pluera |
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How many lobes does each lung have |
- left : 2 - right :3 |
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Ideal RR for adults , children and infants |
Adults - 10-20 Children - 24 Infant - 40-60 |
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Define thoracentesis |
Insertion of cannula / tube into the pleural space for the removal of blood or air that may have accumulated causing compression and hypoxia |
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Two types of thoracentesis |
- needle - tube |
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Define needle thoracentesis |
An insertion of a wide bore cannula into the 2nd intercostal space in the mid clavicular line on affected side to alleviate a life threatening pneumothorax |
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Indications for advance airways |
-protect airway from obstruction -control oxygenation and ventilation -inability to clear / maintain airway using simple techniques |
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Indication for ET intubation |
- deeply unconscious patient - management of cardiac arrest - potential airway obstruction -management of head/chest injury |
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Indication for ET intubation |
- deeply unconscious patient - management of cardiac arrest - potential airway obstruction -management of head/chest injury |
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Contra indications of ET tubing |
- trismus - conscious casualty |
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Indication for ET intubation |
- deeply unconscious patient - management of cardiac arrest - potential airway obstruction -management of head/chest injury |
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Contra indications of ET tubing |
- trismus - conscious casualty |
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Difficulties of ET tubing |
- trauma - entering right bronchus -shape of trachea - pre existing disease |
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Indication for ET intubation |
- deeply unconscious patient - management of cardiac arrest - potential airway obstruction -management of head/chest injury |
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Contra indications of ET tubing |
- trismus - conscious casualty |
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Difficulties of ET tubing |
- trauma - entering right bronchus -shape of trachea - pre existing disease |
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Equipment needed for ET intubation |
-BVM - gloves - et tube - stethoscope - laryngoscopes |
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Complications from ET Intubation |
- hypoxia - failed intubation -laryngeal spasm - damage to the teeth - spinal chord injury - intubation of the right bronchus |
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Define surgical cricothyroidotomy |
Placement of a small cuffed tracheotomy tube usually size six into the trachea through an incision in the cricothyroid membrane |
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Define surgical cricothyroidotomy |
Placement of a small cuffed tracheotomy tube usually size six into the trachea through an incision in the cricothyroid membrane |
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Define an open and a closed would |
Open wound - disruption in the skin continuity including burns usually obvious therefore gets treated early Closed wounds - blunt trauma to an area causing damage to the underlying soft tissue but no break in skin continuity |
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Define surgical cricothyroidotomy |
Placement of a small cuffed tracheotomy tube usually size six into the trachea through an incision in the cricothyroid membrane |
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Define an open and a closed would |
Open wound - disruption in the skin continuity including burns usually obvious therefore gets treated early Closed wounds - blunt trauma to an area causing damage to the underlying soft tissue but no break in skin continuity |
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Types of open wound |
- laceration - burns - puncture - incision - impalement - GSW/frag - external haemorrhage |
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Define surgical cricothyroidotomy |
Placement of a small cuffed tracheotomy tube usually size six into the trachea through an incision in the cricothyroid membrane |
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Define an open and a closed would |
Open wound - disruption in the skin continuity including burns usually obvious therefore gets treated early Closed wounds - blunt trauma to an area causing damage to the underlying soft tissue but no break in skin continuity |
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Types of open wound |
- laceration - burns - puncture - incision - impalement - GSW/frag - external haemorrhage |
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Type of closed wound |
- fracture - internal bleeding |
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What is direct pressure |
Pressure placed at the affected site via pressure applied from fist hands and tourniquet |
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What is direct pressure |
Pressure placed at the affected site via pressure applied from fist hands and tourniquet |
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What is indirect pressure |
The application of pressure to control a haemorrhage by using pressure points above the affected areas |
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What is direct pressure |
Pressure placed at the affected site via pressure applied from fist hands and tourniquet |
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What is indirect pressure |
The application of pressure to control a haemorrhage by using pressure points above the affected areas |
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What is equipment needed for needle thoracentesis |
-Surgical gloves - large bore cannula -gauze swabs - 10 ml syringe -sharps box - tape |
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Complications of needle thoracentesis |
- local haematoma - local or pleural infection -pneumothorax |
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Complications of cannulation |
- vein perforation - shearing - needle breakage - haematoma - air embolus |
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Cannula sizes |
Pink- 1mm Green- 1.2mm Grey - 1.7mm Brown /orange -2mm |
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Treatment of hypovolemic shock |
- control bleeding - fluid resuscitation -bolos of 250ml crystalloid fluid until radial pulse detected |
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What are the indications for needle thoracentesis |
- tension pneumothorax -MOI - open pneumothorax |
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Define tube thoracentesis |
Insertion of a chest drain tube in through the 5th intercostal space slightly anterior to the mid auxiliary line on the side affected to remove air or blood |
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Indications for tube thoracentesis |
-massive haemothorax - haemothorax - pneumothorax |
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Pre procedure kit needed for tube thoracentesis |
- military chest drain kit - needles - gloves - sharps box - syringes 5,10,20ml |
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Potential complications of tube thoracentesis |
- blocked / kinked chest tube - dislodged chest tube -backflow - haematoma -infection |
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Indications for IV access |
-administration for drugs - access for fluid resuscitation - major burns - profound shock -overwhelming sepsis |
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When should care be taken when giving IV fluids to following injuries |
-head injury - renal trauma -cardiac arrest -cerebro vascular accident |
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Equipment needed to cannulate |
-disposable tourniquet - cannula -cleaning product - PPE -dressings - 10 ml syringe with saline flush |
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Contra indication of IO access |
- fractures - infections - osteoporosis |
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Collision types |
-front - rear - side - rotational -rollover |
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Effects of crush injury |
- cardiac arrest - renal failure |
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Effects of crush injury |
- cardiac arrest - renal failure |
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Medical emergencies |
- underlying disease - diabetes -tropical disease -cardiac - drowning - appendicitis |
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Effects of crush injury |
- cardiac arrest - renal failure |
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Medical emergencies |
- underlying disease - diabetes -tropical disease -cardiac - drowning - appendicitis |
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Causes of unconsciousness |
-Hypo/hperthermia -cardiac arrest - infection - faint -epilepsy -drug/alcohol -haemorrhage - hypoglycaemia |
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Effects of crush injury |
- cardiac arrest - renal failure |
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Medical emergencies |
- underlying disease - diabetes -tropical disease -cardiac - drowning - appendicitis |
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Causes of unconsciousness |
-Hypo/hperthermia -cardiac arrest - infection - faint -epilepsy -drug/alcohol -haemorrhage - hypoglycaemia |
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Signs and symptoms of head injury |
- memory loss - ALOC -headache - aggression -nausea/vomiting -dizziness |
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Effects of crush injury |
- cardiac arrest - renal failure |
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Medical emergencies |
- underlying disease - diabetes -tropical disease -cardiac - drowning - appendicitis |
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Causes of unconsciousness |
-Hypo/hperthermia -cardiac arrest - infection - faint -epilepsy -drug/alcohol -haemorrhage - hypoglycaemia |
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Signs and symptoms of head injury |
- memory loss - ALOC -headache - aggression -nausea/vomiting -dizziness |
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Basal skull fracture signs |
-raccoon eyes - battle signs - bleeding from ear -rhinorrhea |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
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2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
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2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
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Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
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2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
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Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
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Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
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2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
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Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
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Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
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Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
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2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
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Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
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Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
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Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
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Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
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2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
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Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
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Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
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Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
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Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
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Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
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3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
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Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
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2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
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Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
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Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
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Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
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|
Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
|
|
Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
|
|
Define hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally low blood sugar <3.5mmol |
|
|
3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
|
|
Signs of symptoms of hypoglycaemia |
-sweating - tachycardia -dizziness /weakness -anxiety - aggressiveness -uncoordinated - |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
|
|
Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
|
|
2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
|
|
Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
|
|
Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
|
|
Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
|
|
Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
|
|
Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
|
|
Define hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally low blood sugar <3.5mmol |
|
|
3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
|
|
Signs of symptoms of hypoglycaemia |
-sweating - tachycardia -dizziness /weakness -anxiety - aggressiveness -uncoordinated - |
|
|
Management of hypoglycaemia |
-ascertain BM levels -ensure ABC stable -recovery position - evac |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
|
|
Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
|
|
2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
|
|
Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
|
|
Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
|
|
Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
|
|
Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
|
|
Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
|
|
Define hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally low blood sugar <3.5mmol |
|
|
3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
|
|
Signs of symptoms of hypoglycaemia |
-sweating - tachycardia -dizziness /weakness -anxiety - aggressiveness -uncoordinated - |
|
|
Management of hypoglycaemia |
-ascertain BM levels -ensure ABC stable -recovery position - evac |
|
|
Define diabetic coma |
Collapse or acute illness caused by hypo/hyperglycaemia |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
|
|
Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
|
|
2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
|
|
Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
|
|
Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
|
|
Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
|
|
Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
|
|
Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
|
|
Define hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally low blood sugar <3.5mmol |
|
|
3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
|
|
Signs of symptoms of hypoglycaemia |
-sweating - tachycardia -dizziness /weakness -anxiety - aggressiveness -uncoordinated - |
|
|
Management of hypoglycaemia |
-ascertain BM levels -ensure ABC stable -recovery position - evac |
|
|
Define diabetic coma |
Collapse or acute illness caused by hypo/hyperglycaemia |
|
|
2 methods of splinting |
- improvised -purpose made |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
|
|
Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
|
|
2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
|
|
Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
|
|
Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
|
|
Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
|
|
Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
|
|
Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
|
|
Define hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally low blood sugar <3.5mmol |
|
|
3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
|
|
Signs of symptoms of hypoglycaemia |
-sweating - tachycardia -dizziness /weakness -anxiety - aggressiveness -uncoordinated - |
|
|
Management of hypoglycaemia |
-ascertain BM levels -ensure ABC stable -recovery position - evac |
|
|
Define diabetic coma |
Collapse or acute illness caused by hypo/hyperglycaemia |
|
|
2 methods of splinting |
- improvised -purpose made |
|
|
% of fentanyl through mucosal membrane |
25% |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
|
|
Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
|
|
2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
|
|
Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
|
|
Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
|
|
Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
|
|
Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
|
|
Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
|
|
Define hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally low blood sugar <3.5mmol |
|
|
3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
|
|
Signs of symptoms of hypoglycaemia |
-sweating - tachycardia -dizziness /weakness -anxiety - aggressiveness -uncoordinated - |
|
|
Management of hypoglycaemia |
-ascertain BM levels -ensure ABC stable -recovery position - evac |
|
|
Define diabetic coma |
Collapse or acute illness caused by hypo/hyperglycaemia |
|
|
2 methods of splinting |
- improvised -purpose made |
|
|
% of fentanyl through mucosal membrane |
25% |
|
|
Wallace rule of 9 |
-Head and neck 9% -chest and abdomen 18% - back 18% - arm and hand 9% - leg and foot 18% - genital 1% |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
|
|
Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
|
|
2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
|
|
Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
|
|
Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
|
|
Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
|
|
Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
|
|
Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
|
|
Define hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally low blood sugar <3.5mmol |
|
|
3 types of brain injury |
- subdural haematoma - epi/extra dural haematoma -subarachnoid haemorrhage |
|
|
Signs of symptoms of hypoglycaemia |
-sweating - tachycardia -dizziness /weakness -anxiety - aggressiveness -uncoordinated - |
|
|
Management of hypoglycaemia |
-ascertain BM levels -ensure ABC stable -recovery position - evac |
|
|
Define diabetic coma |
Collapse or acute illness caused by hypo/hyperglycaemia |
|
|
2 methods of splinting |
- improvised -purpose made |
|
|
% of fentanyl through mucosal membrane |
25% |
|
|
Wallace rule of 9 |
-Head and neck 9% -chest and abdomen 18% - back 18% - arm and hand 9% - leg and foot 18% - genital 1% |
|
|
Management of burns |
- apply clingfilm - run tepid water over for 10-20mins - treat for shock - entonox/o2 -place extremities in burn bags |
|
|
Signs of smoke inhalation |
- hoarse voice - casualty in confined area -soot around nose and mouth - stained sputum - singed nasal and facial hair |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of ICP |
- hypertension - bradycardia -reduction in conscious levels -abnormal posturing - abnormal respiratory patterns |
|
|
Management of ICP |
- primary survey - c spine - o2 -monitor - treat as see - evac |
|
|
2 types of abnormal posturing during ICP |
-decorticate -decerebate |
|
|
Causes of seizure |
- hypoglycaemia - hypothermia - hyperventilation -epilepsy - battle shock - mental illness - drugs intoxication |
|
|
Management of a fit |
- get history - protect patient from harm -primary survey - oxygenation -mo if first seizure - package/ evacuate |
|
|
Types of poison |
- opiates - prescription drugs -alcohol - carbon monoxide - toxins/solvents |
|
|
Recognition of poisoning |
- tachycardia - drowsiness -smell of alcohol/ puncture marks -nasal bleeding - excessive sweating -burns blisters around mouth/nose/throat |
|
|
Poison management |
- initial assessment/ primary survey - give antidote if available -evacuate and take evidence - |
|
|
Define hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally low blood sugar <3.5mmol |
|
|
Treatment for smoke inhalation |
- maintain airway and humidifier oxygen - nebuliser salbutamol (5m in 5ml) - urgent evac |
|
|
Treatment for smoke inhalation |
- maintain airway and humidifier oxygen - nebuliser salbutamol (5m in 5ml) - urgent evac |
|
|
Fluid retention formula for burns |
Time elapsed x weight x burns surface area |
|
|
What is nasogastric intubation |
The passing of a nasogastric tube through the nasal passage down the oesphagous into the stomach |
|
|
Indication for NG intubation |
- abdominal injury - pre or post abdo surgery - intestinal peritonitis |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Define a chemical agent |
Chemical substance which intended for military purposes to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate people |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Define a chemical agent |
Chemical substance which intended for military purposes to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate people |
|
|
Chemical agent - means of delivery |
- bursting munitions - spray equipment - aerosol generator -chemical IED |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Define a chemical agent |
Chemical substance which intended for military purposes to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate people |
|
|
Chemical agent - means of delivery |
- bursting munitions - spray equipment - aerosol generator -chemical IED |
|
|
Chemical agents - routes of entry |
- ingestion - inhalation - absorption |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Define a chemical agent |
Chemical substance which intended for military purposes to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate people |
|
|
Chemical agent - means of delivery |
- bursting munitions - spray equipment - aerosol generator -chemical IED |
|
|
Chemical agents - routes of entry |
- ingestion - inhalation - absorption |
|
|
Categories of chemical agents |
-lethal - damaging -incapacitating |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Define a chemical agent |
Chemical substance which intended for military purposes to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate people |
|
|
Chemical agent - means of delivery |
- bursting munitions - spray equipment - aerosol generator -chemical IED |
|
|
Chemical agents - routes of entry |
- ingestion - inhalation - absorption |
|
|
Categories of chemical agents |
-lethal - damaging -incapacitating |
|
|
Properties of chemical agent |
- chemical - physical -toxilogical |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Define a chemical agent |
Chemical substance which intended for military purposes to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate people |
|
|
Chemical agent - means of delivery |
- bursting munitions - spray equipment - aerosol generator -chemical IED |
|
|
Chemical agents - routes of entry |
- ingestion - inhalation - absorption |
|
|
Categories of chemical agents |
-lethal - damaging -incapacitating |
|
|
Properties of chemical agent |
- chemical - physical -toxilogical |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
Persistency of forms of chemical agent |
liquid - no persistent Solid - persistent Vapour - variable |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Define a chemical agent |
Chemical substance which intended for military purposes to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate people |
|
|
Chemical agent - means of delivery |
- bursting munitions - spray equipment - aerosol generator -chemical IED |
|
|
Chemical agents - routes of entry |
- ingestion - inhalation - absorption |
|
|
Categories of chemical agents |
-lethal - damaging -incapacitating |
|
|
Properties of chemical agent |
- chemical - physical -toxilogical |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
Persistency of forms of chemical agent |
liquid - no persistent Solid - persistent Vapour - variable |
|
|
Definition of a blood agent |
A group of chemical warfare agents which prevent body tissue from using the oxygen from the blood and in high concentrations cause respiratory failure |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
Contra indications of NG tube |
-suspected skull fracture -nasal trauma -abnormal oesophageous tract - intestinal perforation |
|
|
How long can secondary drowning occur |
Up to 72 hours after |
|
|
What are the four steps for continuous care |
- monitor -reassess -documenting -caring |
|
|
How often should we take obs during prolonged fieldcare |
- if on your own , every 15 mins for 2 hours -if stable , increase to every 30 mins for next 4 hours |
|
|
What is a field treatment card |
FMED 826 , 827 |
|
|
10 principles of continuous care |
-Personal hygiene -dying - toileting - food and drink - maintain dignity - dressings - communication -pressure areas - maintain safe environment -controlling body temp |
|
|
Define a chemical agent |
Chemical substance which intended for military purposes to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate people |
|
|
Chemical agent - means of delivery |
- bursting munitions - spray equipment - aerosol generator -chemical IED |
|
|
Chemical agents - routes of entry |
- ingestion - inhalation - absorption |
|
|
Categories of chemical agents |
-lethal - damaging -incapacitating |
|
|
Properties of chemical agent |
- chemical - physical -toxilogical |
|
|
Complications of NG intubation |
- passing NG tube into airway -coiling of NG tube -induce vomiting -damage to the nasal passage -intra cranial placement |
|
|
Persistency of forms of chemical agent |
liquid - no persistent Solid - persistent Vapour - variable |
|
|
Definition of a blood agent |
A group of chemical warfare agents which prevent body tissue from using the oxygen from the blood and in high concentrations cause respiratory failure |
|
|
Define a nerve agent |
Particularly toxic chemical warfare agents which are organophosphate that interfere with the nervous system and disrupt function such as breathing and muscular co - ordination |
|
|
What is catheterisation |
Passing of a urethral catheter into the bladder by the urethral or supra pubic region for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons |
|
|
Indications of catheterisation |
-monitor of fluid balance -unable to pass fluid -abdo/pelvic injuries - unmanageable incontinence -head injuries - post anaesthesia |
|
|
Contra indication of catheterisation |
- major pelvic fracture - urethral bleeding |
|
|
Complications of catheterisation |
-local UTI - damaged urethra - ureteric catheterisation |
|
|
What is the duration of pregnancy |
38-42 weeks |
|
|
Describe the 3 stages of labour |
1st stage - the onset of labour, rhythmic and painful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix 2nd stage-full dilation if the cervix through the delivery of the baby 3rd stage -delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta and membranes |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency childbirth for the mother |
-Prevent trauma - Prevent infection - relieve pain |
|
|
What are the treatment aims for emergency child birth for the child |
- prevent infection /trauma - resus if necessary - maintain body heat |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
|
|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
|
|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
|
|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
|
|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
|
|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
|
|
What is compressible haemorrhage |
External bleed where blood loss or bleeding from untreated wound would result in death |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
|
|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
|
|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
|
|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
|
|
What is compressible haemorrhage |
External bleed where blood loss or bleeding from untreated wound would result in death |
|
|
What is a non compressible haemorrhage |
Internal bleed |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
|
|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
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|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
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|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
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|
What is compressible haemorrhage |
External bleed where blood loss or bleeding from untreated wound would result in death |
|
|
What is a non compressible haemorrhage |
Internal bleed |
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|
How does celox work |
A compound on the surface of the gauze interacts directly with red blood cells to form a clot at the site of injured vessels |
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|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
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|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
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|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
|
|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
|
|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
|
|
What is compressible haemorrhage |
External bleed where blood loss or bleeding from untreated wound would result in death |
|
|
What is a non compressible haemorrhage |
Internal bleed |
|
|
How does celox work |
A compound on the surface of the gauze interacts directly with red blood cells to form a clot at the site of injured vessels |
|
|
Active ingredient in celox |
Chitosan |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
|
|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
|
|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
|
|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
|
|
What is compressible haemorrhage |
External bleed where blood loss or bleeding from untreated wound would result in death |
|
|
What is a non compressible haemorrhage |
Internal bleed |
|
|
How does celox work |
A compound on the surface of the gauze interacts directly with red blood cells to form a clot at the site of injured vessels |
|
|
Active ingredient in celox |
Chitosan |
|
|
How much immobilisation does a stiff neck collar provide |
70% |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
|
|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
|
|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
|
|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
|
|
What is compressible haemorrhage |
External bleed where blood loss or bleeding from untreated wound would result in death |
|
|
What is a non compressible haemorrhage |
Internal bleed |
|
|
How does celox work |
A compound on the surface of the gauze interacts directly with red blood cells to form a clot at the site of injured vessels |
|
|
Active ingredient in celox |
Chitosan |
|
|
How much immobilisation does a stiff neck collar provide |
70% |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Types of penetrating trauma |
- high velocity - low velocity - blast injury |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
|
|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
|
|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
|
|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
|
|
What is compressible haemorrhage |
External bleed where blood loss or bleeding from untreated wound would result in death |
|
|
What is a non compressible haemorrhage |
Internal bleed |
|
|
How does celox work |
A compound on the surface of the gauze interacts directly with red blood cells to form a clot at the site of injured vessels |
|
|
Active ingredient in celox |
Chitosan |
|
|
How much immobilisation does a stiff neck collar provide |
70% |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Types of penetrating trauma |
- high velocity - low velocity - blast injury |
|
|
Symptoms of heat injury |
- LOC - seizures - nausea - confusion - dizziness - fatigue - unusual behaviour |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
|
|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
What is contained in the NAPS |
21 tablets (once every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What are later warning signs of nerve agents - HIDE |
- headache - increased saliva - dizziness/weakness -excessive sweating |
|
|
What are danger signs of nerve agent (nims) |
-nausea and vomiting - involuntary urination and defecation - muscle twitching snd jerking - stop breathing |
|
|
Describe gold command |
Strategic and overall command and responsibility |
|
|
Describe silver command |
Tactical command and coordinaties overall tactical command response |
|
|
Define bronze command |
Operational command |
|
|
What is compressible haemorrhage |
External bleed where blood loss or bleeding from untreated wound would result in death |
|
|
What is a non compressible haemorrhage |
Internal bleed |
|
|
How does celox work |
A compound on the surface of the gauze interacts directly with red blood cells to form a clot at the site of injured vessels |
|
|
Active ingredient in celox |
Chitosan |
|
|
How much immobilisation does a stiff neck collar provide |
70% |
|
|
Treatment of atropine poisoning |
- remove casualty from the scene -immediate decontamination -remove any weapons or harmful objects -reassure avoid physical restraint and keep casualty cool -evacuate |
|
|
Types of penetrating trauma |
- high velocity - low velocity - blast injury |
|
|
Symptoms of heat injury |
- LOC - seizures - nausea - confusion - dizziness - fatigue - unusual behaviour |
|
|
Treatment for heat injury |
-move to cool environment -spray with tepid water -assess airway and breathing -fan - strip layers - fluids |
|
|
Describe characteristics of blood agent |
- non persistent - must be inhaled to be effective - very fast acting - may be detected by smell |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of high concentration cyanide poisoning |
- loss of consciousness - cessation of respiration |
|
|
What are the medical countermeasures for nerve agents |
NAPS - nerve agent pre treatment set 21 tablets (1 every 8 hours ) |
|
|
What is the post exposure treatment of a nerve agent |
Combopen: 2 mg atropine Immediate admin essential Give at 5-15 interval with autoinjecter |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning |
- dilated pupils - tachycardia - used combopen - dry mouth and throat ,hot dry flushed skin |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning |
-nausea - headache -rapid breathing -convulsions - cherry red colour -vertigo |
|
|
Treatment for cyanide poisoning |
- ensure patients respiratory mask is fitted correctly -remove from scene / source of agents -oxygenate -evacuate |
|
|
What are early warning signs for nerve agent - DRPT |
- Difficulty in breathing - running nose and increased salivation - pinpointing of pupils and dimness of vision -tightness of chest |
|
|
Oxygen delivery in percentage |
NRB mask - 80% with 02 BVM-90% with o2 |
|
|
Oxygen delivery in percentage |
NRB mask - 80% with 02 BVM-90% with o2 |
|
|
OPA size |
0- babies 1 - children 2- small adult 3- large adult 4- very large adult |
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|
Exposure concerns for packaging |
Safety Climatic Tactical |
