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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is colonizing aspergillosis?
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occurs in old lung cavities (TB, emphysema, sarcoidosis), grows as "fungus ball"
CONTRAST to invasive aspergillosis (immunosuppressed) or hypersensitivity reactions to aspergillus (asthma - allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ABPA) |
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medicallyy important dimorphic fungi?
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form molds (w/hyphae) in ambient temp (25-30) & yeasts (single cells) at body temp (37) - Sporotrhix schenckii
Coccidioides Immitis Histoplasma Capsulatum Blastomycoses dermatitidis Paracoccidioidees brasiliensis |
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biopsy reveals round or cigar shaped budding yeasts?
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sporothrix schenckii
dimorphic think gardeners smoking |
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culture at 25 - hyphae w/doubly reflective walls, at 37 - thick walled spherules w/endospores?
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Coccidioides
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biopsy reveals oval yeast cells within macrophages?
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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round bud vs broad based bud?
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round bud - sporthrix (also cigar shaped bud)
broad bud - blastomycoces) |
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fungus found in southwest / deserts?
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Coccidioides
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fungus found in Ohio & Mississippi River valleys?
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Histoplasma & Blastomycoces
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fungus found in soil, bird droppings, bat droppings (chicken coops, caves)?
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Histoplasma
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fungus found in Great Lakes region?
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Blastomycoses (NOT Histo - according to Uworld)
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fungus found in soil?
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Coccidioides (mold form), Histoplasma, Blastomycoses
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fungus found in central & south america?
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paracoccidioides brasiliensis
mucocutaneous |
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biopsy of fungus reveals intracellular - oval? Round?
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oval yeast forms w/in macrophages - histoplasma capsulatum
round endospores w/in sphereule - coccidioidies immitis |
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what vaginal infection is more likely w/increased pH?
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Trichomonas
NOT candida |
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biopsy - dysphagia w/budding cells and easily disrupted chains of elongated cells?
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candidiasis
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what immune cells protect against candida?
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local - T lymphocytes
systemic (hematogenous spread) - neutrophils *that's why HIV pts get localized infections |
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HIV pt w/acid-fast bacteria that grow best at 41? How could this have been prevented?
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Mycobacterium avium complex (either M. avium or M. intracellulare)
prophylactic azithromycin weekly for HIV pts w/CD4+ < 50 |
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why does Candida in the sputum not always indicate dz?
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Candida is nl flora of GI tract, including oral cavity, in ~40% of the population
can frequently be a contaminant |
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what is the MOA of?
-Polyenes (nystatin) -Echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin) -Griseofulvin |
polyenes (amphotericin B, nystatin) - bind ergosterol molecules in fungal cell membranes, lysis
Echinocandins (caspofungin & micafungin) - inhibit synthesis of glucan component of fungal cell wall griseofulvin - interact w/microtubles, inhibit mitosis, used for dermatophyte infections |
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antifungal for dermatophyte infections? (microsporum, epidermophytin, trichophyton)
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Griseofulvin (think greasy skin)
interacts w/fungal cell microtubules, inhibiting mitoses accumulates in keratin-containing tissues |
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what is mucicarmine stain used for?
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to detect polysaccharide capsule of cryptococcus neoformans
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diabetic in DKA has diminished eye movements? Hint - microbe
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cavernous sinuses receive venous blood from face via superior & inferior opthalmic veins
spread of infection from orbit, nose, & paranasal sinuses may result in cavernous sinus thrombosis lateral gaze palsy due to CN VI is one of first signs of dz other structures in cavernous sinuse: -internal carotid artery, CN VI, CN III, CN IV, & CN's V1 & V2 |
