Pta 101 Gait Training Rom And Mmt

Front 1

Name three anatomical landmarks that could be used to adjust a walker to the appropriate height.

Back 1

crease of the wrist
ulnar styloid process
greater trochanter

Front 2

When guarding a patient who had a right total hip replacement, which side should the therapist stand on?

Back 2

The patient's right side

Front 3

A patient who had surgery done to their left knee requires the use of a cane. Which hand should they hold the cane in?

Back 3

The right hand

Front 4

Which gait pattern is appropriate for someone who is NWB on their left lower extremity?

Back 4

The three point

Front 5

True or False ; the appropriate sequence for walking with a cane using the modified four point pattern is:
cane
involved leg
uninvolved leg

Back 5

True

Front 6

A patient is NWB on their right lower extremity. Name two appropriate assistive devices they may use.

Back 6

standard walker
crutches

Front 7

Of all the assistice devices, the walker offers the most stability. True or False

Back 7

False; the parallel bars do

Front 8

When guarding a patient going upstairs, should the therapist stand in front or behind the patient?

Back 8

From behind ( of course using a gait belt)

Front 9

Name two assistive devices that are appropriate to use when instructing the four point gait pattern.

Back 9

two crutches
two canes
recipricol walker

Front 10

True or False ; When a person is WBAT, a walker, crutches and/or cane are all appropriate assistive devices to instruct with.

Back 10

False, when using a cane there must be no weight bearing restrictions

Front 11

List 3 steps you should take to insure patient safety during gait training

Back 11

non-skid shoes (for patient and PTA)
gait belt
lock wheelchair brakes
get help if needed

Front 12

If a chart states the patient requires Min A x1 for ambulation, how much work is the patient doing?

Back 12

approximately 75%

Front 13

Why does there need to be a 2-3 finger width space between the axilla and the top of axillary crutches?

Back 13

To avoid compression of the neurovascular bundle located in the axilla

Front 14

What is missing from this documentation about gait?
Patient ambulated with Min A.

Back 14

How many assist?
Distance?
What type of surface?

Front 15

How do you calculate Maximum HR?

Back 15

220-age
Just a reminder to go back and review!! :) From Kim

Front 16

True or False: Manual muscle testing only assesses concentric kinds of contractions.

Back 16

TRUE

Front 17

True or False: only muscles that cross two joints can exhibit active insufficiency.

Back 17

TRUE

Front 18

True or False: placing a joint in a position that creates passive insufficiency should be avoided when taking goniometric measurements on a patient.

Back 18

TRUE

Front 19

What plane divides the body into front and back sections?

Back 19

Frontal

Front 20

True or False: the sagittal plane divides the body into upper and lower segments.

Back 20

False, left and right segments

Front 21

A patient can move a joint through the full ROM against gravity but cannot take resistance. What MMT grade would you assign to the tested muscle?

Back 21

Fair or 3

Front 22

True or False: the axis of a joint lies parallel to the plane of motion.

Back 22

False, perpendicular

Front 23

True or False: passive motion is used to assess an end feel.

Back 23

TRUE

Front 24

Name the three non-pathological end feels.

Back 24

Soft, Firm and Hard

Front 25

A PT documents that a patient has an empty end feel. What does this mean?

Back 25

No resistance to joint motion because the ligamenteous or capsular structures have been severely damaged.

Front 26

True or False: The arm of the goniometer that is part of the body is called the stationary arm.

Back 26

TRUE

Front 27

True or False: the moving arm is always lined up to the moving segment.

Back 27

TRUE

Front 28

True or False: movements in the horizontal plane always occur around a vertical axis.

Back 28

TRUE

Front 29

What 2 muscles in the upper extremity need to be assessed prior to gait training using crutches with a NWB status.

Back 29

Triceps and Latissimus Dorsi

Front 30

Name 2 reasons why assistive devices are used in patient care.

Back 30

Improve balance by increasing the base of support, and unweighting a joint,

Front 31

True or False: using a railing is better then using two crutches to ascend or descend stairs.

Back 31

True

Front 32

True or False: when a two joint muscle is actively insufficient, its antagonist (opposite muscle) undergoes passive insufficiency.

Back 32

True

Front 33

True or False: the elbows are flexed in the anatomical position.

Back 33

False, extended

Front 34

What determines the degrees of freedom or movement of a joint?

Back 34

The classification of joint (ball and socket as compared to a hinge) See page 5 in Musculoskeletal Assement

Front 35

A joint can move in two planes. How many degrees of movement or freedom does it have?

Back 35

Two

Front 36

True or False: Frontal plane movement ocurrs around a sagittal axis.

Back 36

True, see Table 1-2 in Musculoskeletal Assessement on page 7

Front 37

True or False: sagittal motion of the shoulder includes two movements, abduction and adduction.

Back 37

False, flexion and extension. Appreciate the fact that when doing goniometry, each plane of motion that a joint possesses regards that two separate motions need to measured. In this case flexion and extension

Front 38

True or False: when soft tissue approximate against one another, a firm end results.

Back 38

False, soft

Front 39

What kinds of movements does goniometry measure?

Back 39

Osteokinematic

Front 40

True or False: the frontal plane is also called the coronal plane.

Back 40

True

Front 41

What 3 kinds of motion can be assessed with goniometry?

Back 41

Active, passive, and Active Assistive

Front 42

When performing a MMT on a patient what position do you start the test in?

Back 42

Against gravity, 3 or Fair

Front 43

You are performing a MMT on patient. The patient is unable to move the joint against gravity. What should you do next?

Back 43

Place the patient in a gravity eliminated position.

Front 44

A PTA is doing a MMT. The patient cannot move against gravity so the patient's extremity is placed in a gravity eliminated position. What grade should be assigned to the patient when the clinician can feel a muscle contraction but there is no joint movement.

Back 44

Trace or 1

Front 45

True or False: when performing any test greater than a 3 or Fair, you must palpate the muscle you are testing.

Back 45

False, less than 3 or fair

Front 46

True or False: MMT can be used to measure the endurance a muscle possesses.

Back 46

False, MMT is used to asses strength

Front 47

There are only two instances where we lead with the uninvolved side when using an assistive device. Can you name them?

Back 47

Ascending stairs and walking backwards

Front 48

True or False: a modified three point gait pattern can be used on a patient who has a PWB status.

Back 48

True

Front 49

What is the recommended amount of elbow flexion that a patient should have when using an assistive device?

Back 49

20-25 degrees

Front 50

What is the recommended distance that the top of the cuff on a pair of forearm crutches is from the elbow?

Back 50

1-1.5 inches

Front 51

When ascending stairs what extremity goes up first?

Back 51

The uninvolved side should go up first

Front 52

When descending stairs what goes down first, the involved leg or the crutch?

Back 52

The crutch should lead, then the involved leg

Front 53

True or False the clinician should stand behind the patient when guarding a patient who is descending stairs.

Back 53

False, the clinician should be in front of the patient when guarding a patient descending stairs.

Front 54

What muscles need to be strong in the upper extremities to use axillary crutches for a NWB status?

Back 54

Shoulder depressors, shoulder extensors and flexors, elbow extensors, finger flexors

Front 55

Name the order of assistive devices from most stable to least stable.

Back 55

Parallel bars, standard walker, rolling walker, bilateral crutches, single crutches, bilateral canes, hemi-cane, wide based canes, short base canes and finally straight cane

Front 56

When using a tilt table what 2 vital signs should be monitored closely?

Back 56

Pulse and BP

Front 57

True or False: When using a tilt table it is necessary to elevate the table to 90 degrees to assist the person to adapt to an upright position.

Back 57

False, 70-80 degrees is sufficient.

Front 58

When fitting a patient for a cane, the tip of the cane should be how many inches lateral and anterior the the toe fo the shoe?

Back 58

2 inches lateral and 4-6 inches anterior

Front 59

How many inches should the parallel bars be from the patient's hip?

Back 59

2-4 inches

Front 60

Describe what PWB means.

Back 60

Only a percentage of the patient's body weight can be placed through the involved extremity.

Front 61

True or False: it is recommended that a patient pivot toward their involved extremity when turning.

Back 61

False, they should pivot on the uninvolved side.

Front 62

What are the indications for using a 4 point gait?

Back 62

Patients with balance problems and who are de-conditioned

Front 63

Describe a 2 point gait.

Back 63

It requires the use of bilateral (2) ambulation aids. The pattern uses a simultaneous, reciprocal forward placement of the amb aid and the patient's opposite LE.