Pt 511 Kinesiolgy Final Exam

Front 1

What are the two phases of gait?

Back 1

Swing
Stance

Front 2

What is termed as the cycle from contact of the left foot to the contact of the right foot?

Back 2

Step

Front 3

What is termed as the cycle from contact of the left foot to the contact of the left foot again?

Back 3

Stride

Front 4

What are the phases of stance?

Back 4

Heel Strike
Foot Flat
Midstance
Heel Off
Toe Off

Front 5

What are the phases of stance according to Rancho Los Amigos?

Back 5

Initial Contact
Loading Response
Midstance
Terminal Stance
Pre-swing

Front 6

Pre-swing is synonymous with ________.

Back 6

Toe off

Front 7

How do you measure the foot angle during gait?

Back 7

From the center of the heel to the mid-line of the second toe, and parallel with the line of ambulation

Front 8

How do you measure stance width?

Back 8

From the center of one heel, to the center of the other heel

Front 9

What phase of gait is this?

Back 9

Heel Strike or Initial Contact

Front 10

What phase of gait is this?

Back 10

Foot Fat or Loading Response

Front 11

What phase of gait is this?

Back 11

Midstance

Front 12

What phase of gait is this?

Back 12

Heel off or Terminal stance

Front 13

What phase of gait is this?

Back 13

Toe off or Pre-swing

Front 14

What are the components of the swing phase?

Back 14

Acceleration or Initial Swing
Mid Swing
Deceleration or Terminal Swing

Front 15

What percent of the gait cycle does early swing occur at?

Back 15

60-70%

Front 16

What percent of the gait cycle does mid-swing occur at?

Back 16

75-85%

Front 17

What percent of the gait cycle does late swing occur at?

Back 17

85-100%

Front 18

What is the vertical displacement during gait?

Back 18

2 inches

Front 19

When does lateral pelvic tilt occur?

Back 19

At preswing as weight is taken off the leg at toe off.

Front 20

What motions occur in the saggital plane during gait?

Back 20

Hip: 25 deg flex to 10 deg hyper ext.
Knee: Ext 20 deg, flex-ext-flex to 70 deg
Ankle: Dorsiflex-plantarflex 10 deg- dorsiflex-plantarflex to 20 deg dorsiflex to clear ground
Pelvis- Anterior tilt with hip ext
UE- flex with opposite hip

Front 21

What motions occur in the frontal plane during gait?

Back 21

Hip/pelvis drop: ab/adduction
Knee: 2-10 deg adduction
Ankle: Eversion with initial contact, relative supination/inversion toward late stance

Front 22

What motions occur in the transverse plane during gait?

Back 22

Pelvis: rotation with hip flexion
Femur: medial rotation from initial contact to mid stance, later rotation afterwards
Knee: During stance- driven by ankle: IR with pronation, ER with supination

Front 23

What is the trunk motion during gait?

Back 23

Slight lean toward side of stance, trunk rotation opposite pelvis, slight forward lean during double support, more erect during single leg support.

Front 24

What are the general activation patterns of muscles during gait?

Back 24

Generally eccentric followed by concentric firing
Often co-contractions for control/stability
Often motion occurs after peak muscle activation
ceases: functional implications?

Front 25

Label the ground reaction forces for the directions A, B, and C

Back 25

Front 26

What are signs of gluteus maximus gait?

Back 26

Posterior Lurch
As the heel strikes the ground, the patient has to control trunk flexion
This is accomplished by the patient leaning posteriorly

Front 27

What are signs of gluteus medius gait?

Back 27

Lateral lurch
As the heel strikes the ground, the patient has to control pelvic adduction
This is accomplished by the patient leaning laterally
The listing occurs toward the muscle weakness

Front 28

What muscles are weak during genu recurvatum?

Back 28

Quads
Hams
Gluts

Front 29

What muscles are defective in foot drop gait?

Back 29

Dorsiflexors

Front 30

What are signs of hip flexor contracture gait?

Back 30

The involved hip is unable to go into hip extension and hyperextension
This is seen during mid-stance and terminal stance
Patient presents with a forward trunk lean

Front 31

What are signs of knee flexion contracture gait?

Back 31

Excessive dorsiflexion is seen at midstance
Shortened step length

Front 32

What are signs of vaulting gait?

Back 32

The patient rises up on the toes of one leg to allow the other leg to swing through

Front 33

What are signs of circumducted gait?

Back 33

The leg will start at midline at push off and then swings out to the other side during swing phase returning to midline at heel strike

Front 34

What are signs of abducted gait?

Back 34

When the leg remains in an abducted gait throughout the entire gait cycles

Front 35

What are signs of hemiplegic gait?

Back 35

Hip in extension, adduction, IR.
Knee in extension
Ankle is PF and IV
UE in flexor synergy
No arm swing
Step length long on involved side
Step length short on uninvolved side

Front 36

What are signs of ataxic gait?

Back 36

Decreased coordination
Jerky movements
Wide BOS present due to decreased balance

Front 37

What is referred to as festigating gait?

Back 37

Parkinsons gait

Front 38

What are signs of parkinsons gait?

Back 38

Decreased movement
LE and trunk flexion
Elbows flexed
Minimal to absent arm swing
Decreased stride length, festinating gait
Starts slow and then increases

Front 39

What are severe signs of leg length discrepancy gait?

Back 39

> 5 inches
Drop pelvis
Walk on ball of foot
Knee flexion on uninvolved side

Front 40

What are moderate signs of leg length discrepancy gait?

Back 40

3-5 inches
Patient walks on the ball of the involved side

Front 41

What are minimal signs of leg length discrepancy gait?

Back 41

Drop the pelvis on affected side
Can correct with heel lift
Approx 1/4 inch

Front 42

What is painful gait?

Back 42

Antalgic gait

Front 43

What gait pattern is this?

Back 43

Parkinsons

Front 44

What gait pattern is this?

Back 44

Hemiplegic

Front 45

What gait pattern is this?

Back 45

Vaulting gait

Front 46

What gait pattern is this?

Back 46

Hip Flexor Contracture

Front 47

What gait pattern is this?

Back 47

Drop Foot

Front 48

What gait pattern is this?

Back 48

Genu Recurvatum

Front 49

What gait pattern is this?

Back 49

Gluteus Medius gait

Front 50

What gait pattern is this?

Back 50

Gluteus Maximus gait

Front 51

What kind of joint is the TMJ?

Back 51

Synovial
Hinge-like
Planar/Ovoid

Front 52

What are the bones that comprise the TMJ?

Back 52

Mandible
Temporal

Front 53

What motions occur at the TMJ?

Back 53

Depression
Elevation
Lateral Deviation
Protrusion
Retrusion

Front 54

How many joint cavities does the TMJ have? Where?

Back 54

2
Superior and Inferior

Front 55

What separates the superior and inferior joint cavities?

Back 55

A biconcave fibrocartilage disc sometimes called a meniscus

Front 56

What are the osteokinematics of the TMJ?

Back 56

Depression: 35-55 mm (only need 35)
Protrusion: 6-8 mm
Lateral Deviation: Approx. 10 mm to either side

Front 57

What are the arthrokinematics of the TMJ?

Back 57

Translation- occurs in superior portion of the joint
Roll- occurs in the inferior portion of the joint
Protrusion- Anterior/inferior glide
Lateral deviation- axis on ipsilateral side, protrusion on opposite side

Front 58

What is the closed pack position of the TMJ?

Back 58

Teeth tightly clenched

Front 59

What is the open pack position of the TMJ?

Back 59

Mouth slightly open with lips together, teeth not in contact

Front 60

What motion is associated with forward head posture?

Back 60

Posterior tension: retrusion
Increased Compression

Front 61

What are the muscles of mastication?

Back 61

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid

Front 62

What are the accessory muscles of the TMJ?

Back 62

Buccinator
Tongue
Suprahyoid Muscles

Front 63

Which muscles work to depress the jaw?

Back 63

Suprahyoid

Front 64

Which structure is critical for resonance, pronunciation, food placement, and swallowing?

Back 64

Tongue

Front 65

What intervention can facilitate symmetric opening of the mouth?

Back 65

Tip of tongue to roof of mouth