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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give an overview of criteria for specific phobia (3)
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1. Can't function
2. Extreme and irrational fear of specific object or situation 3. Recognize fears as unreasonable, but still go to extremes to avoid |
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What are the 5 sub types of specific phobia?
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1. Animal
2. Natural 3. Blood-Injection - Injury 4. Situational 5. Other |
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How does a situational phobia differ from agoraphobia?
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A situational phobia is linked to one specific place. Agorophobia a marked fear of 2 or more situations
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What are the stats on Specific Phobias
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7-9%
early onset chronic |
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What is the "vasovagal response" and how does it related to phobias?
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An inherited vulnerability to faint easily. But difficult to separate genetics and environment. Those with this inheritance higher risk of phobia
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What are the 4 learning pathways for phobias?
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1. Direct experience
2. Negative experience related to object or situation but not caused by it 3. Vicarious learning 4. Media representation |
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How can phobias be treated?
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e.g. video in class about snakes and 3 hour gradual therapy
also use of virtual reality in treating phobias |
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What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
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Extreme fear of social situations
Avoidance or endure with great distress Interferes with functioning |
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What is a DSM 5 specifier of SAD?
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Can have specifically related to performance (e.g. actors, singers)
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What are the stats of SAD?
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7% sometimes, 13% in lifetime
more females onset is early adulthood, develop during teen years very comorbid |
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What are some biological reasons for SAD? (2)
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1. Social anxiety runs in families
2. Behavioral inhibition runs in families |
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What could be some learning experiences for SAD?
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Bullying
Bad experience performance related |
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What is the CBT cycle of SAD
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e.g. think of professor example
Affect - feelings Cognition - negative, threat focused Behavior - "Safety strategies" runs in a cycle |
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What drugs help SAD?
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Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine inhibitors SSRIs BUT MAJOR RELAPSE RATES |
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What is the most effective treatment for SAD?
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CBT in a group (role playing, scripts)
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What is OCD?
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Recurrent obsessions (unwanted thoughts) and compulsions (behaviors to ease thoughts).
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True or false: Compulsions always come with obsessions.
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False, obsessions can stand on their own
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What are the related disorders to OCD?
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Body dysmorphic disorder - excessive worry about physical features
Trichotillomania = pulling out hair Hoarding disorder Excoriation disorder = skin picking |
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What is a new DSM 5 specifier of OCD?
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Need to understand how well the client is aware of their OCD? Good, poor, absent insight?
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What are the stats of OCD?
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2.6%
M = F Onset early adolesence, but males earlier VERY CHRONIC |
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Why is OCD hard to treat, especially when it has been happening for a while?
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It is very chronic
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What are some possible causes of OCD?
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Genetics and brain abnormalities
Learning that certain thoughts unacceptable |
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How is OCD maintained?
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1. False belief that thoughts = actions, just as bad
2. Think repressing is best, but just perpetuates 3. Lots of guilty feelings if don't do "just right" |
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What are medical treatments of OCD?
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SSRIs and psychosurgery (cingulotomy) for very severe cases
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What is the best treatment of OCD?
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CBT without drugs (study shows no difference)
also new studies looking into mindfulness = being aware of own mind |
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What is Exposure and Response Prevention?
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Treatment for OCD that exposes person to trigger for obsession but prevents them from acting out compulsion
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What is a common theme in treating anxiety disorders?
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Gradual exposure
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