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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is the teacher of this class? |
Dr. John Jansky |
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What is Psychology? |
-the study of mind a behavior |
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Mental Processes=(Blank) |
=(Cognition) |
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Mental processes are inferred from (Blank)?
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=(Behaviors)
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Define: Introspection
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the subjective observation of one's experiences |
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Nature vs Nurture |
genetics vs environment |
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what are the five(5) Theoretical approaches? |
Psychoanalytic Humanism Cognitive Neurological Sociocultural |
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Psychoanalytic |
Sigmund Freud -free association Erik Erikson -role of culture in personality |
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Humanism
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Carl Rodgers -unconditional positive regard Abraham Maslow -self-actualization |
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Cognitive |
Albert Ellis -rational emotive behavior Aaron Beck -depression is due to our thinking |
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Neurobiological |
the brain and the nervous system play key roles in understanding one's behaviors |
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Sociocultural |
Culture, ethnivity and gender are important in understanding one's behavior, thoughts and emotion |
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Pseudopsychology |
a non-scientific study of types of behavior
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Naturalistic Observation |
No attempts manipulate or control the situation |
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survey |
opinion polls |
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case study |
does not prove anything
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Correlation studies |
does not show cause and effect |
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Correlation Coefficient |
.60-1.0 strong
+1.0 or-1.0 |
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experimental studies |
can show cause and effect |
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Two (2) technique to avoid biased samples |
random samples- all have an equal chance of being selected stratified sample- chose people who represent the population |
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Self-sulfilling prophecy |
double blinded study neither subject nor experiment know |
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Statistics |
Normal or Bell-shaped curve |
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Measure of Central Tendency |
Mode- most frequently occurring score Mean-average of all scores Median- the middle score |
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pysychiatrist |
MD or DO |
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Clinical Psychology |
specialty that focuses on helping people with emotional issues |
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Critical thinking |
to keep and open mind to look at a subject from all points of view |
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Neurons |
conducts information throughout the nervous system |
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Glial Cells |
supply support and transport nutrients to the neurons |
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What are the two Hemispheres of the brain control? |
right- emotion left-language |
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Corpus Callosum |
large bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two parts of the brian
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Cerebral cortex |
where decision and judgments are made where we plan and remember
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What are the four lobes of the brain? |
F-POT Front Parietal Occipital Temporal |
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Franz Joesph Gall |
Phrenology
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Phrenology |
bumps on the skull were associated with personality characteristics |
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aphasia |
language disorder or language impairment |
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Broca's Aphasia |
involves expressive language |
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Wernicke's Aphasia |
sentences make no sense |
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Wilder penfield |
occopital lobe-vison |
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Temporal lobe |
hearing |
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Somatosensory |
sense of touch |
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frontal lobe damage |
lack ability to plan and make judgment |
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Phineas T Gage |
Personality Change
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Homeostasis |
state of equilibrium that our body and mind try to maintain |
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Synaptic Gap- |
the space between the sending and receiving neurons |
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ACH-Acetylcholine |
contractions of the skeletal muslces |
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Serotonin |
neurotransmitters that is involved with the regulation of sleep |
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Endorphins |
reduce pain perception inloved with pleasure hugs higher during pregnancy |
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neurotransmitters |
learning and memory depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety |
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ETOH |
Depress neural activty |
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EEG |
Electroencephalogram -traces brain waves |
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PET |
positron emission tomography -measures glucose |
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CNS |
Central Nervous System -Brain -Spinal Cord |
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PNS |
Peripheral Nervous System |
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Somatic Nervous System |
connect the brain and the spinal cord with the voluntary muscles -ie legs and arms |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
Connect the brain and the spinal cord with the involuntary muscles and organs -ie. heart liver stomach |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
Arouses the body |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
Calms the body |
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Endocrine System |
releases chemical substances called hormones into the blood stream |
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Pituitary Gland |
Controls the growth hormone |
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How many chromosomes does a person have? |
46 -2 sets of 23 one set from each parent |
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Ovum |
egg |
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zygote |
fertilized egg |
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embryo |
start of the baby |
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Fetus |
baby starts to grow |
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Monozygotic |
Identical Twins |
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Dizygotic |
Fraternal Twins |
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Dominant Genes |
are those that are expressed in physically cognitively (can also be recessive) |
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Recessive Genes |
can be passed onto future generations |
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Nature |
one's biological inheritance |
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Nurture |
one's Environmental Experiences |
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maturation |
orderly sequence of changes dictated by genetics |
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Jean Piaget |
Cognitive development |
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Assimilation |
one incorporates new information into the existing schema |
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Accommodation |
one adjust their schema to fit new information |
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sensormotor thought |
Object Permanence- objects continue to exist even when they can not be seen(birth - 2) -out of sight out of mind |
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Preoperational Thought |
Cannot understand reversibility conservation-quantity stays the same even though though shape has changed |
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Egocentrism |
self-focused inability to distinguish one's perspective from someone else perspective |
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Concrete Operational Thought |
Logical Reasoning replaces intuitive thoughts
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Erik Erikson (1) |
Social or psycholosocial development |
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Autonomy vs Shame |
assert their will, independence |
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Ego Identity vs Role Confusion |
Who am I? |
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Integrity vs Despair |
Take stock of life, to see meaning in one's life |
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Attachment |
Close emotional bond between infant and his/her caregiver |
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Reciprocal Socialization |
Parents influence the child and the child influence the parent |
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Harry Harrlow |
Contact comfort attachment |
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Theory of Gender Role Development |
Lawrence Kolhberg |
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Gender identity |
age 3 sees self as a girl or boy |
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Gender Constancy |
6-7 is still a girl even if she dresses like a boy |
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Autoritarian |
Social Incompetence |
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Permissive-indulgent |
lack of self-control |
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Adolescence |
Transition from Childhood to Adulthood |
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Adolescence egocentrism |
Preoccupation with oneself they belief that others are focused on them |
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Moral Development |
Lawrence Kohlberg |
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Preconventional Level |
Avoid Punishment |
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Conventional Level |
Laws of Society |
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Alzheimer Disease |
Need to keep challenging one's mind |
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What are the five (5) Stages of Death and Dying? |
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance |
