Psychology Test 4 (B)

Front 1

optimal-arousal theory

Back 1

organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal that maximizes their performance. either too little or too much arousal diminishes performance.

Front 2

extrinisic motivation

Back 2

Motivation based on external rewards or threats of punishment

Front 3

intrinsic motivation

Back 3

motivation resulting on internal personal satisfaction from a task or activity.

Front 4

yerkes-dodson law

Back 4

says performance on a task is an interaction between the level of physiological arousal and the difficulty of the task

difficult tasks- low arousal

easy tasks- high arousal

Front 5

facial feedback hypothesis

Back 5

movements of our facial muscles produce or intensify our subjective experience of emotion

Front 6

3 mental structures

Back 6

Id, Ego, Superego

Front 7

Id

Back 7

the primitive instinctive part of personality that works on the pleasure principle

Front 8

Ego

Back 8

then rational, decision-making part of personality that operates according to the reality principle (delays gratification of the id's impulses until it is appropriate)

Front 9

Superego

Back 9

a set of ethical rules for behavior developed from parental and societal standards for morality. operates on the morality principle. (guilt if rules are violated)

Front 10

repression

Back 10

preventing painful or unacceptable thoughts from entering consciousness

Front 11

sublimation

Back 11

redirecting socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities

Front 12

denial

Back 12

refusing to accept and unpleasant reality

Front 13

rationalization

Back 13

creating a socially acceptable excuse to justify unacceptable behavior

Front 14

intellectualization

Back 14

ignoring the emotional aspects of a painful experience by focusing on abstract thoughts, words, or ideas

Front 15

projection

Back 15

transferring unacceptable thoughts, motives, or impulses to others

Front 16

reaction formation

Back 16

not acknowledging unacceptable impulses and overemphasizing their opposite

Front 17

regression

Back 17

reverting to immature ways of responding

Front 18

displacement

Back 18

redirecting impulses from original source towards a less threatening person or object

Front 19

5 developmental periods (GLOPA)

Back 19

oral

anal

phallic

latency

genital

Front 20

Fixated

Back 20

if a child's needs are not met or are overindulged at one particular psychosexual stage

Front 21

Regress

Back 21

under stress, individuals may return to a stage at which earlier needs were frustrated

Front 22

What did Alfred Adler believe

Back 22

The primary motivation in life is to overcome feelings of inferiority

Front 23

What are most looking for in a partner?

Back 23

conscientiousness

Front 24

Carl Rogers - Self Theory

Back 24

Unconditional positive regard-

love and acceptance with no conditions

important for healthy and full development

Front 25

According to Carl Rogers, why are ppl unhappy?

Back 25

There are both a real and ideal self and they are often in conflict.

Front 26

Bandura's approach

Back 26

If you have a strong sense of self-efficacy, you believe you can generally succeed regardless of past failures and current obstacles

Self-efficacy is always specific to the situation.

Front 27

Introverts and Physiological arousal

Back 27

have a higher physiological arousal than extroverts and need less stimulation to create optimal arousal

Front 28

Extroverts and Physiological arousal

Back 28

have a lower physiological arousal than extroverts and need more stimulation to create optimal arousal

Front 29

Quantum Personality Change

Back 29

making a very radical or dramatic shift in one's personality, beliefs, or values in minutes, hours, or in a day.

we can expect the beginnings of more stable personality traits to start showing at around age 3