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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did the U of M law school admissions process differ from the U of M undergraduate schools admissions process?
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The law school allowed admissions officers to subjectively consider race ALONG WITH OTHER FACTORS when considering applicants.
The undergrad admissions program used an objective points system to award points to candidates (eg GPA, SAT, geographic location, race & ethnicity). |
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Why did the Supreme Court rule in that the law school's admissions process was acceptable but not the undergrad's process?
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The court concluded that the undegrad admissions process was not "narrowly tailored" in that it failed to consider candidates as individuals by automatically assigning points to a student on the basis of race and thus not truly evaluating the student individually.
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In the Jane Doe case, why was the teacher unsuccessful in her bid to sue the school district under the Americans with Disabilities Act on the basis that she was wrongfully discharged as a result of her disability?
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The court ruled that the school district did not violate ADA because Jane Doe's condition did not satisfy the ADA definition of disabled.
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What did the Jane Doe case illustrate?
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That the ADA is limited in that an impairment must "substantially limit one or more of the major life activities of the individual".
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What was the ARM study and what did it find?
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Alcohol Risk Management training of managers at alcohol-serving establishments. Compared with a control (waitlist) intervention group. Four one-on-one training sessions with managers designed to help them select and implement alcohol control policies (reduce/prevent serving of alcohol to intoxicated persons). Intervention was effective at first but at 3 -month followup there were no sig differences b/w control group.
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Why do authors Geller and Wiegand propose paying attention to person-level variables in relation to work safety?
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This could provide increased awareness and understanding of the diversity of individual differences related to injury prevention, inspire valuable interpersonal conversations and inform the development of educational & training interventions to improve safety-related attitudes and behaviors.
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Which of the Big Five personality characteristics have been associated in empirical research with more reported injuries?
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Those who scored relatively low in agreeableness and conscientiousness.
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Geller and Wiegand propose what two safety-related propensities?
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Injury proneness and injury preventiveness
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Geller & Wiegand say that certain types of personality factors can affect both injury prevention and injury proneness. Give some examples.
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Optimists and people who perceive a high level of personal control ('internals') are more likely to be injury-preventive than pessimists and those with relatively low expectations of personal control ('externals').
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What is injury proneness, according to Geller & Wiegand?
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Personality characteristics that may be linked to the probability of experiencing an injury (trait-like).
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What is injury preventiveness, according to Geller & Wiegand?
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Characteristics linked to one's willingness to participate in an injury-prevention effort (state-like).
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According to Geller & Wiegand, who are the safest individuals?
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Those who are not injury prone and who take steps to prevent an injury.
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According to Geller & Wiegand, who are the most unsafe employees?
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Those who are injury prone and do not take precautionary measures.
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In what ways do Geller & Wiegand say 'living in the moment' is relevant to occupational safety?
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Living in the moment means using all relevant senses to recognize ongoing behavior and the surrounding context. Fully encountering the present, including the environment and ongoing behavior, should decrease the probability of a mishap or unintended injury.
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Four other personality types discussed by Geller and Wiegand are 'success seekers', 'overstrivers', 'failure avoiders' and 'failure accepters' Which personality types are the most and lease desirable from a safety standpoint?
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Success seekers (most desirable)
Failure accepters, also known as complacent (least desirable) |
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What is the difference between injury proneness and injury preventiveness?
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Proneness may be considered a personality trait difficult to change. Preventiveness is more likely a state that is changeable by external intervention.
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What is one factor related to the Type A personality type might be related to workplace safety?
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Type As don't live in the moment (both cognitively & behaviorally) and this impacts injury proneness.
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What is 'entitlement thinking"?
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A belief that basic personal comforts are expected. This is thought to be a relatively stable personality dimension.
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What specific behaviors have researchers found are associated with those who score high on entitlement thinking?
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1. make competitive win/lose decisions
2. select selfish approaches to romantic r/ships 3. show aggressive behavior following a threat to their ego 4. take candy designated for children |
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Give two examples of ways that 'entitlement thinking' impact on occupational safety?
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1. Such employees say that if a fail-safe work environment is not provided, the employees say don't need to change their behavior.
2. Such employees expect SH&E officers to handle all safety issues and they don't feel they need to do anything other than comply with the basic OH&S rules. |
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In Ogborn vs. UFCWU, what did the US Court of Appeals find in relation to Jerry Ogborn?
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Major depression can constitute a disability under the ADA but isolated bouts of depression do not.
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How is disability defined under the ADA?
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A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual, e.g. walking, hearing, seeing, breathing, working. It also includes a record of such an impairment or being regarded as having such impairment.
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what steps should companies take to develop policies to counteract uncivil behavior in the workplace?
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Establish a task force representing various categories of employees
Define uncivil behavior appropriate to particular workplace (truckdrivers will differ from bank staff) Policy must comply with local, state & federal laws Describe the expected behaviors of both managers & employees Identify informal and formal complaint procedures Include options for remedies, always assuring confidentiality (examples: call a meeting or a note in a file to potential termination, hotline for employees). Outline consequences of retaliation |
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What are some examples of uncivil workplace behavior?
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Lying about another employee
Forcing an employee to do sth illegal or against policy Apply pressure with unnecessary language Disrespecting coworkers in any form |
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What is one definition of uncivil behavior in the workplace? (US Army attorney)
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Any behavior that causes fear or intimidation by one employee against another.
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Describe some ways in which companies practice safety avoidance instead of success seeking?
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Companies use rewards or bonuses based on "days without injury"
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What is the best way to promote safety achievement rather than safety avoidance or acceptance?
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Define proactive actions to take for injury prevention, then hold people accountable for achieving them.
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Give some examples of ways companies could promote safety achievement?
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Have safety meetings where people report:
number of environmental hazards removed near-hit reports reviewed number of safety audits completed number of interpersonal observation and feedback sessions conducted safety suggestions received and implemented no. of safe behaviors observed per work team asking participants to state what they have done for safety since last meeting |
