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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is psychology a science, and how can it be distinguished from pseudoscience and folk wisdom?
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-Empirical evidence, which relies on experimentation, observation, and/or measurements
-Scientific research. -Has evidence to back up theories and beliefs. |
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What are the eight critical thinking guidelines that help in understanding
psychological issues? |
-Ask questions, be willing to wonder
-Define your terms -Examine the evidence -Analyze assumptions & biases -Avoid emotional reasoning -Don’t oversimplify -Consider other interpretations -Tolerate undertainty |
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What are the basic principles of structuralism?
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-How things work
-Breaking down experiences into basic elements -Analyze sensations, images, and feelings -What happens when X does Y? |
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What are the basic principles of functionalism?
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-What is the purpose of behavior and consciousness?
-Why and how does X do Z? -Want to know how behaviors/mental processes help an organism adapt to their environment |
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What are the basic principles of psychoanalysis?
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-How conscious and unconscious motives and conflicts influence our perception and personality (Freud)
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How does the biological perspective explain thoughts, feelings, and behavior?
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Through bodily events
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How does the learning perspective approach explain understanding behavior?
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-Our environment and experiences affect our behavior
-Behaviorists: environmental rewards/punishments maintain/discourage behaviors -Social-Cognitive theorists: we learn by adapting to our environment, imitating others, and thinking about events going on around us. |
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What does the cognitive perspective in psychology emphasize?
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-What goes on in our heads; how we reason, remember, understand language, solve problems, and acquire morals & beliefs
-How our thoughts/explanations affect our actions, feelings, and choices |
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What does the sociocultural perspective in psychology focus on?
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How our culture and relationships with others affect our behavior
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How does the psychodynamic perspective explain thoughts and behavior?
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Unconscious dynamics within us, such as inner forces, conflicts, and instincts.
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What role did humanism and feminism play in shaping the development of modern psychology?
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-Humanism: free will, personal growth, resilience and achievement of human potential. People who supported this movement rejected behaviorism because it was too “mindless” a view of human nature, and also rejected psychoanalysis because it was too “pessimistic”
-Feminism: pointed out how usually only young, white, middle class males were being used as subjects in psychological studies and that the results could not be generalized to apply to everyone |
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What are the main differences between basic and applied psychology?
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Basic psych is pure research, and applied psych applies research to human problems.
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How do psychotherapists, psychoanalysts, and psychiatrists differ from one another in their training, background, and approach to treatment?
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-Psychotherapists: don’t need any training, don’t always have a psychological background, can do any type of psychotherapy (psychics, etc)
-Psychoanalysts: special training at a psychoanalytic institute, go through psychoanalysis yourself. Used to need a MD or PhD to get in, but not anymore. -Psychiatrists: MD, has to do a 3-year residency in psychiatry, can diagnose and prescribe medications to treat mental disorders |
