Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
3 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Bobo doll experiment - Bandura, Ross & Ross (1961) (Social learning theory) |
Aims: -To examine the effect of continual influence on the model -To examine if the sex of the model influenced same-sex and opposite-sex participants to a differing degree
Procedures: -36 male and 36 female participants, aged between 37-69 months -Two adults, male and female, models. -Eight experimental groups (six participants in each), half the groups observed aggressive behaviour from model and the others saw non-aggressive behaviour -Participants were put in a room one at a time and observed models behaviour on the Bobo doll
Findings: -Children who observed aggressive behaviour acted more aggressively when observed -Boys acted more aggressively than girls -There was a greater level of imitation if the role model was the same gender as the Conclusion: -There is a behavioural effect from observing aggressive behaviour and that this behaviour continues after a delay.
|
|
|
The case of "Little Albert" - John Watson & Rosalie Rayner (1920) (Behavioural approach to explaining phobias) |
Aims: -To provide evidence that human emotional responses could be learned through classsical conditioning. Procedures: -A laboratory experiment was conducted with an 11 month old boy -He was presented with various stimuli, including a white rat and some cotton wool, he showed no fear response -A fear reaction was induced by striking a steel bar behind his head, which startled him and made him cry -He was given the rat to play with, as he went to touch the rat, the bar was struck to frighten him Findings: -When the rat was shown, Albert would cry and crawl away -He had developed fear to similar stimuli such as white fur coats Conclusions: -Conditioned emotional responses are acquired as a direct result of environmental experiences, which can transfer and persist unless removed by counter-conditioning |
|
|
The role of discussions in changing opinion regarding a matter of fact - Arthur Jenness (1932) (Conformity - ISI) |
Aim: -To investigate whether individual judgements of jellybeans in a jar was influenced by discussions in groups Procedures: -Participants made individual, private estimates of the number of jellybeans in a jar -Participants then discussed their estimates either in a large group or in several smaller group -After discussion, group estimates were created -Participants then made a second individual, private estimate Findings: -Typicality of opinion was increased, individuals' second private estimated tended to converge their group estimates -The average change of opinion was greater among females Conclusions: -The judgements of individuals are affected by majority opinions, in ambiguous or unfamiliar situations |
