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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who was responsible for discovering Phrenology?
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Franz Joseph Gall
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His first name sounds like 'Phrenology'
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What is Phrenology?
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The idea that specific regions of the brain controlled specific mental faculties
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The brain is in control
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How can traits of Phrenology be detected?
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By the bumps in the brain
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The brain looks 'lumpy'- aren't the lumps there for a reason?
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What are the frontal lobes?
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Regions at the front of the brain that are involved in movement/thinking (planning, deciding, perceiving)
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Teenagers aren't very good decision-makers
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Who was Phineas Gage?
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A man who had a pole stuck through his frontal lobe (used to be mean, and is now nice)
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Gage is a type of earring- a pole that goes through the ear.
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What is the Motor Cortex?
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Vertical strip of cortex located in the frontal lobes- controls voluntary movement. It also sends messages to the voluntary muscles through the motor nerves (commands from motor cortex on one side of the brain control the other)
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Right cortex controls left eye (vice versa)
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What are the Parietal Lobes?
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Located behind each frontal lobe (specialize in sensation); allows us to sense warmth of a hot bath, smoothness of silk, etc.
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Feather Ms. Sewell used on Eric in class
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What is the Broca's Area?
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Located in the frontal lobe- lets us understand language, speech production/comprehension (if its ever damaged, it results in speech impediments such as aphasia)
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Broca sounds like broken- take the 'r' out- "boca"=mouth. 'Broken Mouth'.
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Parietal Lobes and the Somatosensory Cortex
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A parietal strip that mirrors adjacent strip of the motor cortex. Two functions: primary processing area for sensations of touch, temp., pain, and relates info to a mental map to help locate the source of these sensations
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When Ms. Sewell touched Eric with the feather, he knew where the feather was touching him without even looking
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Other maps of Parietal Lobes?
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Keep track of body parts- such as prevention of biting your tongue while talking or stepping on your feet while walking. Parietal lobe's left hemisphere focuses on locating source of speech sounds- works w/ temporal lobe to extract meaning from speech/writing.
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Discussion of 'biting tongues' in class
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Occipital Lobes
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If someone hits you in the back of the head, you'll 'see stars' (b/c a hit to the back of the head will stimulate the occipital lobes)
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'Occipital' sounds like sight.
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Temporal Lobes
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When a phone rings, or when a car honks, the sound registers in the temporal lobes. These are cortical lobes that process sounds- including speech. Probably also involved in storing long-term memories. Located on the lower sides of each hemisphere is the auditory cortex
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Temporal sounds like tempo- sounds.
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Hippocampus
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Lies directly beneath the temporal lobe- responsible for storing memories.
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"I have lots of happy memories at camp"
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Wernicke's Area
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Located in auditory cortex of temporal lobe- helps with understanding spoken language. People who have damage in this area suffer from Wernicke's aphasia
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Wernicke sounds like Mickey- Mickey Mouse is well-known in America
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Comprimised of the brain and the spinal cord- serves as bodies "command central". Brain makes complex decisions, coordinates body functions, and initiates behaviors.
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(CNS)- SN= spinal cord
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Spinal Cord
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Serves as a neural cable- connects brain with parts of peripheral nervous system. Nerves connect with eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin, and muscles of the head
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Spinal Cord=Mussolini Body=Mussolini's followers. Christopher Reeve- one blow to his spinal chord and he was paralized for life
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Connects central nervous system with the rest of the body w/ sensory and motor axons (NERVES). Carries messages between the brain and the sense/internal organs, and the muscles. It delivers orders to MOVE, RUN, (in your heart, legs, etc.) if youre ever in danger.
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If you see a dog and youre afraid of it, your first instinct is to RUN!
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Somatic Nervous System
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Brain's communication link w/ the outside world. Connects sense organs to the brain
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Somatic sounds like "solar"(system)
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Autonomic Division of the Peripheral Nervous System
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Carries signals that control internal organs to perform things like regulate digestion, respiration, heart rate, and arousal. Does this without having to think about it. Also works while we're sleeping.
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You don't have to THINK about breathing in and out.
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Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System: Spymathetic and Parasympathetic
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Symp: sends messages to internal organs/glands that help us respond to stressful/emergency situations
Parasymp: monitors routine operation of internal organs, returns body to calmer functioning after arousal by the sympathetic division |
sympathetic: AHHH!!
parasympathetic: okay, its over. |
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Endocrine System
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Bloodstream serves as the communication pathway for info. The glands that make up this system transmit info by releasting HORMONES into bloodstream
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Hormones=sweat
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What are Hormones?
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Chemical messengers that influence body function, behaviors, and emotions. They circulate throughout the body until their messages are delivered.
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Teenagers!
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Endocrine system in a crisis?
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It would help to support the actions of the sympathetic nervous system
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If you see Freddy Kreuger- you RUN!
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Endocrine System and the Pituitary Gland
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"Master Gland"- attempts to keep all of the endocrine's responses under tight control. It does this by sending out hormone signals through the blood. Takes its orders from the brain- hypothalamus.
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Pituitary= MASTER of HORMONES!
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Peripheral Nervous System and the Endocrine System
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PNS and Endocrine system provide parallel means of communication. The brain decides which messages will be sent through both networks
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Peripheral + Endocrine = decisions about messages to body
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