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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some functions of emotions?
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- help people adapt to their environment
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What are the basic emotions?
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Joy
Anger Fear Surprise Interest Disgust Distress Sadness |
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What is a basic emotion?
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An emotion felt by people worldwide and consists of a subjective feeling, a physiological change/response and an overt behaviour.
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What is a complex/self-conscious emotion?
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Responses to meeting or failing to meet expectations or standards.
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When do basic emotions emerge?
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Birth-9 months
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When do complex/self-conscious emotions emerge?
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18-24 months
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What are the complex emotions?
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Guilt
Embarassment Pride |
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What are some cultural differences in emotional expression?
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Differences in extent to which emotions can be expressed (some are encouraged/discouraged). Also differences in events that trigger emotions (usually complex).
Cultures also differ in the extent to which they encourage children to express themselves. |
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How can we benefit from recognizing/using others' emotions?
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Adaptive to recognize others' emotions and change our behaviour as a consequence.
By 4-6 months we can distinguish the facial expressions of others. -social referencing -display rules |
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What is "social referencing"
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Infants in an unfamiliar or ambiguous environment often look at their mother or father as if searching for cues to help them interpret the situation.
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What are "display rules?"
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Culturally specific standards for appropriate expressions of emotions in a particular setting or with certain people.
Ex: sadness at a funeral |
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How does experience help children understand emotions?
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-hearing people talk about their emotions
-positive/rewarding relationships reveal full ranges of emotions |
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When do we begin to regulate emotions?
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~ 4-6 months, using simple strategies
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What are the 3 components of Mary Rothbart's Theory?
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surgency/extraversion
negative affect effortful control. These dimensions of temperament are evident in infancy, continue into childhood, and are related to dimensions of personality that are found in adolescence and adulthood |
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What is surgency/extraversion?
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The extent to which a child is generally happy, active, vocal, and regularly seeks interesting stimulation.
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What is negative affect?
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The extent to which a child is angry, fearful, frustrated, shy, and not easily soothed.
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What is effortful control?
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The extent to which a child can focus attention, is not readily distracted, and can inhibit responses.
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How was Rothbart's Theory tested?
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Examined the structure of temperament in infants growing up in the United States and in Russia.
600 parents of 3- to 12-month-olds; the sample in Russia included about 200 parents of 3- to 2-month-olds. Both samples included roughly the same number male and female babies and most were Caucasian. Showed the basic dimensions of temperament are evident in U.S. infants and Russian infants. |
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What was Thomas/Chess' approach?
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Temperament and Development
-studied 9 behaviours -found 3 children: easy, slow-to-warm-up, difficult also predicted later psychological adjustment, and found 2/3 of preschoolers with difficult temperaments had developed behavioral problems by the time they entered school, and less than 1/5 easy babies temperament as an important influence on development and also related to children;s tendency to help others in distress |
