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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the different fields of psychology & what do they investigate? |
1. Experimental branch: Investigates mental processes & their behavioral components (E.g. Structuralism, Functionalism, Gastalt, Behaviorism & Multiculturalism) 2. Clinical branch: outgrowth of medicine - interested in psychopathology, it’s roots & it’s remedies (Freud, Maslow & Behaviorism) |
Mental & behavior vs Medicine & psychopathology |
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Who are the major figures in the different fields of psychology? |
i) Structuralism - Wilhelm Wundt ~ Titchner ii) Functionalism - William James iii) Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud iv) Gastalt (Looping) v) Behaviorism - Ivan Pavlov, John.B.Watson & B.F.Skinner vi) Humanism - Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers vii) Multiculturalism - Cecil Summmers viii) Cognitive psychology - Noam Chomsky |
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Define psychology |
Scientific study of behaviors and the mental processes of living organisms |
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What is the difference between empiricism & dogmatism? |
Empiricism - accurate knowledge that is acquired from observation Dogmatism - understanding through belief/speculation |
Observation vs Belief |
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What is the scientific method & how does it relate theories to hypothesis? |
Scientific method : finding the truth using empiricism Theory - a hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon Hypothesis - a falsifiable prediction made by a theory |
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What is an “operational definition” & why is it NB? |
A description of properties in measurable terms |
Means of measure must match the means of description |
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What is validity, reliability & power? |
Validity - measure what it is supposed to Reliability - the ability of an instrument to to produce the same measure when measuring the same thing Power - the instruments ability to detect small changes |
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What are the measures of central tendency (Mean, Median & Mode)? |
Mean - Average Median - Middle most Mode - > Frequent appearing |
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What is the standard deviation? |
SD - The average difference between the measurements in a frequency distribution & the mean if that distribution I.e. On averaged, how far are the measurements from the center of distribution? |
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What are demand characteristics ? |
Demand characteristics are third aspects of an observational setting that’ cause people to behave/think as they think someone else wants/expects I.e. doing what is expected |
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What is a double blind study? |
It is a study whereby the the true purpose is hidden from both the observer & observed |
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What is a double blind study? |
It is a study whereby the the true purpose is hidden from both the observer & observed |
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What is external validity? |
An attribute of an experiment in which variables have been defined in a normal way I.e. it can be generalized to the real world |
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