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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most psychological research can be divided into 2 types |
Experimental and correlational |
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The variable we manipulate |
Independent variable |
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Dependant variable ran |
The variable we measure |
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Random assignment |
Critical to experimentation , so the IV Is the only difference and the cause of observable differences . Removes bias |
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Confounds |
Developed expectations , known as the placebo affect |
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Participant demand experimenter |
When participants try to behave the way they think experimenters want them too |
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Double blind procedure |
Neither experimenter nor participant know which group is which to avoid confounds |
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Correlational design |
When scientists passively observe and measure phenomena |
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We do not intervene and change behaviour |
Correlational design |
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Correlational coefficient |
Provides information about direction and strength of association between 2 variables |
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Positive correlation |
2 variables increase or decreaSe together |
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Negative correlation |
1 variable increases 1 variable decreases |
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Positive correlation scatterplot |
Dots form pattern extending from bottom left to upper right |
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Negative correlation scatterplot |
Dots extend from top left to the bottom right |
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Strength of a correlation |
How well the 2 variables align |
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Association with many exceptions |
Weak correlation |
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Association with few or no exceptions |
Strong correlation |
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Strong correlation |
2 variables almost always go together |
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The tighter the dots on a scatterplot Hugh absolute |
The stronger the correlation |
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High absolute value |
Strong correlation ex -83 is a strong negative correlation |
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Qualitative designs |
Participant observation Case studies Narrative analyses |
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Participant observation |
Researcher embeds themselves into a group to study its dynamics Qualitative design |
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Case study |
Intensive examination of specific individuals or contexts Qualitative design |
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Narrative analysesquasi |
Study of stories , personal accounts of people , groups or cultures. Analyse theme structure and dialogue Qualitative design |
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Quasi-experimental designs |
Causal inference is more difficult Random assignment not used Studying as is (married,single) |
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Longitudinal studies |
Track the same people over time , weeks/months/years |
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Surveys |
Information gathering Questionnaires/internet Typical in correlational research |
