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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Habituation |
Tuning out certain stimuli |
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Dishabituation |
When the tuned out stimulus is removed then repplied and you react to it again |
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Sensitization |
Opposite of habituation Increase in responsiveness of a stimuli |
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Associative learning |
Learning in which one event object or action is directly connected with another |
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What is classical conditioning and who discovered it? |
Pavlov dog trainign |
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Acqusition |
Process of learning the conditioned response |
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Extinction |
Conditioned response is lost and unconditioned stimuli is no longer paired with it |
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Spontaneous recovery |
An extinct response occurs again when the conditioned stimulus is presented after some period of time |
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Generalization |
Other stimuli other than the conditioned stimulus elicit the conditioned response |
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Discrimization |
When the conditioned stimulus is differentiated from the other stimuli |
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What is operant conditioning and who discovered it? |
Learning that uses punishment and reinforcement BF Skinner |
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Reinforcement |
Anything that will increase the liklihood that a preceeding behavior will be repeated |
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Positive reinforcement |
Positive stimulus that occurs immediately following a behavior ex. Food pellet |
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Negative reinforcement |
A negative stimulus that is removed immediately following the behavior ex. Shock removed |
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Fixed ratio schedule |
The reinforcement is given after a set number of instances of the behavior Ex. After every 10 times push button rat gets a treat |
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Variable ratio schedule |
Randomly get reinforcement keep doing behavior in hopes of getting a reward |
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Fixed interval schedule |
The behavior is reinforced at a certain time Ex. Boss comes at top of every hour so worker works the most then |
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Variable interval schedule |
Provides reinforcement after an inconsistent amount of time Ex. Worker works hard all day but slow because dont know when boss will come in |
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Punishment |
Process by which a behavior is followed by a decrease in the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated |
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Positive punishment |
Pairs negative stimulus with behavior |
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Negative punishment |
Removal of reinforcing stimulus Ex. Break the window lose tv privaleges |
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Escape |
Individual learns how to get away with something by having a certain behavior |
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Avoidance |
When an individual performs a behavior to ensure a stimulus is not presented |
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Insight learning |
When previously learned behaviors are suddenly combined in unique ways |
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Latent learning |
Something that is learned but npt expressed until its required Ex. Learning how to get home then one day need to walk home |
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Observational learning |
Learning through watching others |
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Modeling |
An observer sees the behavior being done then imitates it |
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Cognitive routes of persuasions |
Central- persuaded by content Peripheral- focused on superficial characteristics |
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Encoding |
Transferring info into our memory |
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Serial position effect |
Remember first and last things |
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Dual coding hypothesis |
Remember word + image helps remember better |
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Self reference effect |
Remember things that are personally relevant |
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Iconic memory |
Photographic memory for visual info |
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Echoic memory |
Memory of sound |
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Implicit/ procedural memory |
Knowledge of how to do something |
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Explicit/ declarative memory |
Being able to declare or voice what is known Cannot actually perform can only talk about it |
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Semantic memory |
Factual info |
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Episodic memory |
Autobiographical memories for info of personal importance |
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Free recall |
Retrieving the item out of thin air |
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Cued recall |
Retrieving info when provided with a cue |
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Recognition |
Involves identifying specific information from a set of info that is presented |
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Relearning |
Process of learning material that was already learned |
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Prospective memory |
Remembering to do things in the future |
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Damage to hippocampus leads to |
Anterograde amnesia Inability to code new memories Retrograde amnesia Inability to recall information that was previously recorded |
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Proactive interference |
When info that was previously learned interferes with the ability to recall info learned later |
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Retroactive interference |
When newly learned info interferes with the recall of info learned previously |
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Positive transfer |
Old information facilitates the learning of new information |
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Misinformation effect |
Tendency to misremember |
