Psych Ch 14

Front 1

Why People Cannot or Will Not Seek Treatment

Back 1

1. People may believe they should handle it themselves
2. People may believe the problem is not that bad
3. Treatment may be hard to find
4. Stigma that comes with getting treatment

Front 2

Psychotherapy

Back 2

interaction between a therapist and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem.

Front 3

Psychodynamic Psychoanalysis

Back 3

A general approach to treatment that focuses on understanding childhood experiences and providing understanding into those experiences to gain insight into psychological problems

Front 4

Resistance

Back 4

reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material

Front 5

Free Association

Back 5

the client reports every thought that enters the mind without censorship or filtering

Front 6

Dream Analysis

Back 6

Psychoanalysis treats dreams as metaphors that symobize unconscious conflicts or wishes

Front 7

Interpretation

Back 7

the therapist deciphers the meaning (e.g., unconscious impulses or fantasies) underlying what the client says or does

Front 8

Analysis of resistance

Back 8

process of "trying on" different interpretations of the client's thoughts and actions

Front 9

Transference

Back 9

an event that occurs in psychoanalysis when the analyst assumes a major significance in the client’s life and the client reacts based on unconscious childhood fantasies

Front 10

Interpersonal psychotherapy

Back 10

a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships
- Many founders broke from Freud’s initial traditions and maintained the core of psychotherapy

Front 11

Behavior Therapy

Back 11

– assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors

Front 12

Aversion Therapy

Back 12

form of behavior therapy that uses positive punishment to reduce the frequency of an undesirable behavior
- Eliminating unwanted behaviors

Front 13

Token economy

Back 13

form of behavior therapy in which clients are given "tokens" for desired behaviors, which they can later trade for rewards
- Promoting desired behaviors

Front 14

Exposure Therapy

Back 14

an approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response

Front 15

Systematic desensitization

Back 15

A procedure in which a client relaxes all the muscles of his or her body while imagining being in increasingly frightening situations

Front 16

Cognitive Therapy

Back 16

– form of psychotherapy that involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world

Front 17

Cognitive restructuring

Back 17

therapeutic approach that teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs

Front 18

Mindfulness meditation

Back 18

a form of cognitive therapy that teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment; to be aware of his or her thoughts, feelings, and sensations; and to detect symptoms before they become a problem

Front 19

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Back 19

– a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies
a. Problem focused - undertaken for specific problems
b. Action oriented - tries to solve problems by getting client to act
c. Structured
d. Transparent - nothing withheld from client
e. Flexible

Front 20

Person-Centered (a.k.a. Client-centered) Therapy

Back 20

– assumes that all individuals have a tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reaction from the therapist

Front 21

Congruence

Back 21

openness and honesty in the therapeutic relationship and ensuring that the therapist communicates the same message at all levels

Front 22

Empathy

Back 22

the continuous process of trying to understand the client by getting inside his/her way of thinking, feeling, and understanding the world

Front 23

Unconditional Positive Regard

Back 23

therapist must provide the client with a nonjudgemental, warm, and accepting environment in which the client can feel safe expressing his or her thoughts and feelings.

Front 24

Gestalt Therapy

Back 24

– existentialist goal of helping client become aware of his/her own thoughts, behaviors, experiences, feelings and to “own” (take responsibility for) them

Front 25

Couples and Family Therapy

Back 25

Break the self-defeating interaction cycle

Front 26

Group Therapy

Back 26

a. Relating to others with the same problem
b. Cost effective
c. Sometimes difficult to assemble the group
d. One client might undermine the treatment of others

Front 27

Self-Help and Support Groups

Back 27

a. Help others to realize they are not alone with their problem
b. Support for psychological disorders
c. Alcoholics anonymous

Front 28

Psychopharmacology

Back 28

– study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms

Front 29

Antipsychotic Medications

Back 29

– treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders

Front 30

Tardive dyskinesia

Back 30

side effect that occurs with long-term use of antipsychotic drugs - condition of involuntary movements of the face, mouth and extremities

Front 31

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Back 31

a. treatment that induces a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain and often reduces symptoms of depression
b. Much more carefully administered now than in the past
c. Mild impairment to short-term memory

Front 32

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Back 32

treatment that involves placing a powerful pulsed magnet over a person's scalp, which alters neuronal activity in the brain
- Also used to treat depression and has fewer side effects

Front 33

Phototherapy

Back 33

Used to treat seasonal patterns of depression [e.g., seasonal affective disorder (SAD)] by repeated exposure to bright light

Front 34

Psychosurgery

Back 34

- surgical destruction of specific brain areas
- Controversial beginnings with invention of lobotomy
- Treatment for OCD

Front 35

Placebo

Back 35

– inert substance or procedure that has been applied with the expectation that a healing response will be produced

Front 36

outcome studies

Back 36

evaluate whether a particular treatment works, often in relation to some other treatment or a control condition

Front 37

Process studies

Back 37

answer questions regarding way a treatment works or under what circumstances a treatment works

Front 38

Double-blind experiment

Back 38

Subject and experimenter are uninformed about which treatment the subject is receiving

Front 39

Latrogenic Illness

Back 39

– a disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of a medical or psychotherapeutic treatment