Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Explain points SUPPORTING that evolution explains why men rape
|
-sex is something that females have that males want
-other animals rape -men rape when socially disenfranchised -fact that men can be aroused and still rape suggests a rape adaptation |
|
|
Explain points AGAINST the idea that evolution explains why men rape
|
-rape meant to humiliate and degrade women
-expression of physical power -access to women does not deter men from rape -deliberate, hostile, violent act of degradation and possession designed to inspire fear |
|
|
Explain points SUPPORTING that ADD exists
|
-medical diagnosis derived from genetic studies, brain scans, epidemiological studies
-ADD is collection of symptoms, 6/18 minimum -meds are single most effective treatment -child psychs should diagnose it |
|
|
Explain points AGAINST idea that ADD exists
|
-just another fad diagnosis
-symptoms more common of fatigue or stress than psych disorder -attempt to treat diverse issues with single treatment -lets pt avoid issues of stress/unhappiness with meds -too quickly diagnosed |
|
|
Explain points supporting that Ritalin is Overprescribed
|
-stimulants have high potential for abuse, serious withdrawal symps
-growth suppressed or stunted by stims -propaganda leads public to think these drugs correct chemical imbalances -no evidence stims improve academic performance -agitation, hostility, depression, psychosis can result |
|
|
Explain points AGAINST the idea that Ritalin is overprescribed
|
-no reported addiction cases, no suggestion that kids will get addicted to other substances
-myth that stims stunt growth -ADHD is largely genetic disorder -stims improve attn span helps academics -psychosis is rare and only at high doses |
|
|
Points SUPPORTING that all forms of MDMA (ecstasy) should be prohibited
|
-even small doses reduce body's ability to metabolize the drug. Dehydration, hypothermia, seizures
-clinic studies show uses have impaired learning, memory, and general IQ -associated with damage to serotonin releasing brain cells -users have more impulsivity, anxiety, depression -tablet often laced with other drugs |
|
|
Points AGAINST idea that all forms of MDMA (ecstasy) should be prohibited
|
-most adverse rx's can be avoided by using lowest effective dose
-no studies report stats from infrequent mild users, just abusers -enhances serotonin and mood in matter of hours -facilitates psychotherapy, alleviated feelings of hopelessness -if regulated, contamination effects are aviodable |
|
|
Points SUPPORTING that abstinence should be the goal of treating people with alcohol problems
|
-logical treatment goal, most direct approach
-1/2 people being treated are able to achieve it -if dependent, find controlled drinking attempts unsuccessful -no one can predict what kinds of people are capable of moderating use -professional has job of stating treatment, even if it goes against pt's own ideas |
|
|
Ponints AGAINST the idea that abstinence should be the goal of treating people with alcohol problems
|
-pressuring all drinkers to abstain ignores continuum of severity
-some do better with controlled drinking programs than w/abstinence -control is more successful with prof. guidance -experts have list to predict who does well with controlled drinking -experts believe more people would seek help if offered a choice between control and abstinence. |
|
|
Points SUPPORTING that people with anorexia should have the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment
|
-some are competent to refuse therapy
-mental health professionals should respect pt's autonomy -force feeding may save life but won't fix underlying condition -pt may be better when clinician agrees to work within their frame of reference |
|
|
Points AGAINST the idea that people with anorexia should have the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment
|
-pt's have a thought disturbance about food intake
-experts say pt's are not competent enough to make this choice, usually grateful once not on the downward spiral -once weight is stable, pt more likely to appreciate and seek treatments -allowing decision may help therapeutic relationship but at risk of health |
|
|
Points SUPPORTING the idea that Mental Health Professionals should serve as gatekeepers for physician-assisted suicide
|
-mental health assessment is imperative for anyone wanting to die
-professional helps evaluate if pt has capacity for rational decision-making -profs. are underused in end-of-life decisions -profs understand importance of making decision based on many factors |
|
|
Points AGAINST the idea that Mental Health Professionals should serve as gatekeepers for physician-assisted suicide
|
-profs shouldn't have social authority to determine when is the right time to die
-competence is a social, not scientific idea-->hard to determine -not many profs work in hospices, nursing homes, etc -in absence of standards, prof may assume themselves the "reasonable person" and make all decisions |
|
|
define "personality disorder"
|
a longlasting maladaptive pattern of inner experience and behavior, dating back to adolescence or young adulthood
|
|
|
What are some diagnostic features of a personality disorder?
|
-enduring pattern of inner experience/behavior, differs markedly from what is expected culturally. 2+:
-cognition: ways of perceiving self, others, events -affectivity: range, intensity, appropriateness of emotional expression -interpersonal functioning -impulse control Pattern is inflexible and pervasive across range of situations. Causes distress/impairment. |
|
|
What are some characteristics of antisocial personality disorder?
|
-lack of regard for society's moral/legal standards
-aka psychopaths, sociopaths -lack of remorse or shame -failure to learn from experience -extreme egocentricity -absence of nervousness |
|
|
What is adult antisocial behavior?
|
-illegal or immoral behavior, such as stealing, lying, or cheating
|
|
|
Define borderline personality disorder
|
characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability, most evident in relationships, mood, and sense of identity
|
|
|
what does the term "splitting" refer to?
|
viewing a person as being all good or all bad rather than a realistic combination
-borderline persons take this view |
|
|
what is parasuicide?
|
behaviors that could kill oneself used as means of getting attention
|
|
|
Describe histrionic personality disorder
|
tendencies to express sell in overly dramatic ways
-fleeting nature of emotions -used more to gain attn than to express |
|
|
What is narcissistic personality disorder?
|
having an unrealistic inflated sense of own importance (grandiosity)
|
|
|
What is paranoid personality disorder?
|
extremely suspicious of others, always on guard
|
|
|
What is Schizoid personality disorder?
|
characterized by an indifference to social and sexual relationships, very limited range of emotional experience and expression
-perceived as cold, withdrawn, seclusive |
|
|
What is schizotypal personality disorder?
|
-peculiar, eccentric, oddly bizarre in way they think, behave, and relate to others
-speech content sounds strange to others, may have perceptual illusions -often suspicious -bland life |
|
|
What is avoidant personality disorder?
|
overly concerned about appearing foolish, being publicly embarrased, saying something stupid
-refrain almost entirely from social situations |
|
|
What is dependent personality disorder?
|
-strongly drawn to others, so clinging and passive they may achieve the opposite of desires as others become impatient with their lack of autonomy
-go to extremes to avoid being disliked |
|
|
What is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
|
-immobilized by inability to make a decision
-perfectionistic and inflexible |
|
|
what are learning disorders?
|
delay or deficit in academic skill tha tis evident when an individual's achievement on standarized tests is substantially below what would be expected for same age/education/IQ
|
|
|
Describe ADHD
|
involves hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattentiveness
(carelessness, forgetfullness, easily distracted, etc) |
|
|
What is a conduct disorder?
|
characterized by repetitive and persistent violation of other's rights
-stealing, truancy, running away from home, lying, fire-setting, breaking and entering, etc |
|
|
What is oppositional defiant disorder?
|
children and teens showing pattern of negaitve, hostile, defiant behavs that result in sig. family or schools probs
-blame others for problems, insist they are a victim |
|
|
what is separation anxiety disorder?
|
children have intense and inappropriate anxiety concerning separation from home or caregivers.
-may make self physically ill -worry something bad will happen -demanding, intrusive, need constant attention |
|
|
What are some other categories of disorders that originate in childhood?
|
-childhood eating disorders (pica, feeding disorder, rumination disorder)
-Tic disorders (tourette's) -elimination disorders (encorpresis or enuresis) -reactive attachment disorders -stereotypic movement disorder -selective mutism |
|
|
define substance intoxication
|
temporary maladaptive experience of behavioral or psychological changes due to the accumulation of a substance in the body
|
|
|
What are "cluster A" disorders?
|
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
-off and eccentric behavior |
|
|
What are "cluster B" disorders?
|
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
-overdramatic, emotional, erratic or unpredictable |
|
|
What are "cluster C" disorders?
|
avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
-involve anxious or fearful behaviors |
|
|
What does the response-modulation hypothesis propose?
|
psychopaths have a difficult time processing goal-irrelevant stimuli
|
|
|
Which personality disorder shares the most features with antisocial personality disorder
|
narcissism
|
|
|
Which defense mechanism do people with paranoid personality disorder overuse, according to psychoanalysts?
|
projection
|
|
|
Which therapy has been shown to be somewhat effective in treating symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
|
Dialectical behavioral
|
|
|
Which two personality disorder were found to be more prevalent in the children of women who suffered through a famine during the 1940's?
|
schizophrenia
schizoid |
|
|
What physical characteristics do schizophrenia and schizotypal personality share?
|
enlarged brain ventricles and eye movement abnormalities
|
|
|
Which Axis II disorder has the best chance to resolve in therapy?
|
Dependent personality disorder
|
|
|
What is the hereditability rate of autism?
|
90%
|
|
|
What is one of the most frequently diagnosed childhood disorders in outpatient and inpatient programs?
|
Conduct disorder
|
|
|
which gender is separation anxiety more prevalent for?
|
BOYS
|
|
|
Describe substance tolerance
|
related to substance withdrawal
-occurs when an individual requires a larger and lager amount of substance to achieve desired effect |
|
|
Define substance abuse
|
maladaptive pattern of substance use occurring within a 12 month period that leads to sig. impairment or distress evidenced by *failure to meet obligations, *use of subs in physically hazardous situations, *legal problems, *interpersonal problems`
|
|
|
Describe substance dependence
|
maladaptive pattern of sub. use manifested by a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symps during 12 mos caused by continued use of sub.
|
|
|
Describe Wenicke's encephalopathy
|
involves delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, deterioration of peripheral nerves to hands and feet. Caused by thiamine deficiency caused by alcohol abuse
|
|
|
Describe Korsakoff's syndrome
|
permanent form of dementia with retrograde and anterograde amnesia
|
|
|
Describe cirrhosis
|
fatty liver caused by heavy drinking leads to this liver disease, primary cause of alcohol related death
|
|
|
What does alcohol deydrogenase (ADH) do and what affects it?
|
-zinc deficiancy leads to decreased ADH activity
-a stomach enzyme -breaks down portion of alcohol into fatty acids, CO2, and H2O before it gets into bloodstream -women have lower ADH levels |
|
|
What are some other major risks of longterm heavy drinking?
|
-osteoporosis
-cancer -immune deficiency -severe hangover, sleep disturbances, anxiety, tremulousness, sympathetic hyperactivity, psychosis, seizures, death (from withdrawal) |
|
|
What is the inheratabilty rate of alcoholism?
|
50-60%
|
|
|
Which neurotransmitters are thought to be involved in alcoholism?
|
-GABA, dopamine, serotonin, and opioids
|
|
|
Describe the abstinence violation effect
|
-a sense of loss of control over one's behavior that has an overwhelming and demoralizing effect
|
|
|
Describe the medication naltrexone
|
-originally used for opioid dependence
-blocks pleasurable effects of opioids, get less reinforcing effect from alcohol and better luck abstaining -unpleasant gastrointestinal effects |
|
|
what are delerium tremens and how are they treated?
|
-caused by withdrawal, involves ANS dysfunction, confusion, possible seizures
-managed with benzodiazepines |
|
|
What does disulfiram treat?
|
-aversive reaction to alcohol
-inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, which works like ADH -causes severe physical rx for up to an hour |
|
|
What are some examples of stimulants, and what do they do?
|
-caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine
-amp: uppers, give rush of good feelings, have bad withdrawals -coc: used in pharmaceuticals for a long time, shorter but more intense Up, crashes after effect |
|
|
What is amenorrhea?
|
missing at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles
-experienced by many women with anorexia |
