Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Donder's reaction time experiment |
Reaction time: the time taken to respond to a stimulus Choice reaction time: respond+ make a decision Simple reaction time : respond time |
|
|
Structuralism |
Associated researcher: Wilhelm wundt Overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience (sensations) |
|
|
Analytic introspection |
Associated researcher: Wilhelm Wundt Participants described their experience in response to stimulus in terms of elementary mental elements (very subjective) |
|
|
Savings |
Quantitative measure used by Hermann Ebbinghaus to determine the amount of time saved between remembering a list of nonsense syllables the first and the second time. Longer delays result in smaller savings. These savings follow a curve linked to delay times called the saving curve. |
|
|
William James's contribution |
- first psychology textbook (based on personal observations relating to attention, perception, memory, reasoning consciousness, thinking - observation that paying attention to one thing means withdrawing attention from other things. |
|
|
Behaviorism |
Founder: John b. Watson - rejects introspection as a valid method of studying psychology - shifts study from the mind to behavior and how to control it |
|
|
Classical conditioning |
How pairing one stimulus with another, previously neutral stimulus causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus. Eg: watson's little Albert experiment Pavlov's salivating dogs |
|
|
Operant conditioning |
Associated researcher: B. F. Skinner Behavior can be strengthened by the presentation of reinforcers or weakened by the presentation of punishments. |
|
|
Cognitive maps |
Associated researcher: Edward Chace Tolman Precursor to the cognitive psychologists. Studied behavior of rats in a maps to infer mental processes (formation of cognitive maps) |
|
|
Noam Chomsky's Contribution |
Critic of skinner's verbal behavior theory. According to him language is not learned through reinforcement, but rather reflects the construction of the mind. Concept of universal grammar. Eg. Children say things like "I hate you mommy" and apply faulty grammar |
|
|
Cognitive revolution |
Shift from understanding humans through the study of behavior and stimulus-response relationships to an approach focusing on the study of the operations of the mind. |
|
|
Information- processing approach |
Inspired by the rise of computers, this approach focuses on senquences of mental operations involved in cognition. Mental processes are viewed as occuring in stages opens the way to flow diagrams of mental processes. |
|
|
Dichotic listening |
Associated researcher: Colin Cherry Two different messages are presented to the right and the left ear. The participants are told to pay attention to one message (the attended message), while ignoring the other one (unattended message). Participants could hear the sound of the unattended message, but were unable to report its content. |
|
|
Flow diagram of the mind |
Associated researcher: Donald Broadbent |
|
|
Behavioral experiments |
Scientific approach: measuring the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable, while taking into account control and confounding variables and proceding by random assignments to the treatment or the control condition. |
|
|
Psychobiological research |
Focuses on the relationship between mental processes and cerebral events and structures study methods: post-mortem, abnormal functioning, imaging (normal processing), non-human participants |
|
|
Case studies |
Researching a mental process based on one individual. eg. Phineas gage |
|
|
Structural models |
study models based on the study of mental processes as related to brain structures |
|
|
Process models |
study models based on processes of the mind unrelated to physiology. E.G information processing models |
|
|
Paradigm |
Associated researcher: Thomas Kuhn A system of ideas that dominate science at a certain time |
