Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Df. ipsilateral Df. contralateral Df. bilateral |
structures that lie on the same side structures that lie on opposite sides structures that are found in both hemispheres |
|
|
Df. proximal Df. distal |
structures that are close to one another structures that are far from one another |
|
|
Df. afferent vs efferent |
aff: any movement toward a brain structure eff: any movemeny away from a brain structure |
|
|
What does damage to the precentral gyrus result in? Hint: (R.M. stroke patient) |
Diminished motor ability |
|
|
What does the somatic nervous system (sns) consist of? |
spinal and cranial nerves to/from the sensory orgrans and the muscles, joints, and skin |
|
|
What two divisions does the autonomic nervous system consist of? What are they for? |
Sympathetic - arousing nerves / "fight or flee" Parasympathetic -balances bodys internal orgrans / "rest and digest" |
|
|
What four ways is the brain and spinal cord protected from injury and infection? |
1. brain is enclosed in the skull, spinal cord encased in vertebrae 2. three layers of meninges 3. cerebrospinal fluid 4. blood-brain barrier |
|
|
Df. Hydrocephalus |
Condition in which the outflow of CSF is blocked, resulting in severe mental retardation; death |
|
|
What are the 3 layers meninges? What do they look like? |
1. dura mater - tough double layer of tissue; outer layer; encloses brain in "sack" 2. arachnoid membrane - very thin sheet of delicate tissue; follows contours of brain 3. pia mater - moderately tough tissue; clings to brain |
|
|
The anterior cerebral artery irrigates the _____ and ______ part of the cortex. The middle cerebral artery irrigates the _____ _____ of the cortex. The posterior cerebral artery irrigates the ______ and ______ surfaces of the cortex |
medial and dorsal; lateral surface; ventral and posterior` |
|
|
Match the cell type to it's process: Cell: Stem. blast, progenitor, specialized
|
Stem - Self renewal Progenitor - progenitor produced Blast - neuroblasts and glioblasts produced Specialized - neuro and glia differentiations (p 57) |
|
|
What are the respective functions of these glial cells? 1.EPENDYMAL 2.ASTROCYTE 3.MICROGLIAL 4.OLIGODENDROGLIAL 5.SCHWANN |
1. secretes CSF 2. nutritive and support 3. defensive function 4. forms insulating myelin around axons in brain and spinal cord 5. wraps around peripheral nerves to form insulating myelin |
|
|
_____________ neurons project from the bodys sensory receptors into the spinal cord |
somatosensory |
|
|
_________ neurons within the spinal cord link up sensory and motor neuron activity in the CNS |
interneurons |
|
|
_______ neurons project to muscles in the body |
motor |
|
|
Df. Tract |
A large collection of axons projecting to or away from a nucleus or layer in the CNS |
|
|
Df. Nerves |
Fibers and fiber pathways that enter and leave the CNS |
|
|
What part of the brain do the following words refer to? Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon |
front brain, middle brain, hindbran |
|
|
How many spinal cord segments do we have? What are their five subcategories |
30; cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sarcral |
|
|
Df. paraplegic vs. quadriplegic |
para: spinal cords cut where they no longer have control over legs
quad: higher up cut - unable to use arms and legs |
|
|
How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have? |
12 |
|
|
The __________ is the most distinctive part of the hindbrain |
cerebellum |
|
|
What are two functions of the cerebellum? |
coordinating and learning skilled movements |
|
|
What are the two main subdivisions of the midbrain? |
Tectum ("roof") (receives sensory info from eyes and ears) Tegmentum ("floor") |
|
|
The superior colliculi receives projections from the ______ and the inferior colliculi receives projections from the _____ |
Retina; Ear |
|
|
What 3 structures does the diencephalon mainly consist of? |
hypothalamus, epithalamus, thalamus |
|
|
What does the hypothalamus take part in? |
Motivated behavior ex. feeding, sexual behavior, sleeping, emotional behavior |
|
|
What collection of nuclei (structure) do the putamen, globus pallidus, and caudate nucleus belong to? |
basal ganglia |
|
|
What is the basal ganglia thought to take part in? What can damage to the basal ganglia result in? |
sequencing of movements into smooth response
increase/decrease in muscle tone; abnormal movements |
|
|
What are 3 disorders/syndromes associated with diseases of basal ganglia? |
Huntingtons, Parkinsons, Tourettes |
|
|
What 3 interrelated structures does the limbic lobe consist of? |
amygdala, hippocampus, septum |
|
|
The frontal lobes are bounded posteriorly by the _______ ______, inferiorly by the ______ ______, and medially by the ______ ________ |
central sulcus; lateral fissure; cingulate sulcus |
