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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sleep Paralysis |
State of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking upAssociated with anxiety/terror, vibrations, menacing presence in the room Stat of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking upAssociated with anxiety/terror, vibrations, menacing presence in the room Stat of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking upAssociated with anxiety/terror, vibrations, menacing presence in the room |
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Incubus Phenomenon |
Sleeping person feels awake yet hallucinates a human, animal or being that sits or lies on the chest Fear or death |
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Consciousness |
Our subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives |
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Locked-in Syndrome |
Voluntary muscles are paralyzed; unable to speak or move
Alert & Awake Alteration of Normal Consciousness |
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Consciousness is a .. |
Continuum Not always sharp distinctions between consciousness and unconsciousness |
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Out-of-Body Experience |
A sensation of being outside one's own body, typically floating and being able to observe oneself from a distance
Alteration of normal consciousness |
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Sleep Paralysis & Sleepwalking |
Alteration of Normal Consciousness |
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Near-Death Experience |
An unusual experience taking place on the brink of death and recounted by a person after recovery, typically an out-of-body experience or a vision of a tunnel or light Alteration of Normal Consciousness |
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Mythical Experience |
Consciousness of The Absolute Ultimate Reality, or God Alteration of Normal Consciousness |
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Memory Consolidation |
New memories are converted into long-lasting memories |
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Circadian Rhythm |
Cyclical biological changes that occur on a 24-hour basis Includes hormone release and body temperature |
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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) |
Small region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm. Biological Clock Regulates circadian rhythm |
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Melatonin |
Sleep Hormone Regulates sleep-wake cycle Levels increase after dark |
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DEC2 Mutation |
Amino acid point mutation that affects the regulation of the biological processes of sleep timing and duration in humans |
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Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) |
"Sleeping Beauty" disorder A rare condition that causes intermittent episodes of extreme sleepiness, behaviour changes, and hallucinations. 20+hr of sleep. |
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Sleep Deprivation |
When a person does not get the sleep they need to sustain their health and well-being |
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Stages of Sleep |
Five stages in roughly 90-minute cycles Stage 1-4 non-REM (NREM) - no eye movement, fewer dreams Stage 5 rapid eye movement (REM) - Vivid dreams, quick eye movements |
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Sleep Stage: 1 |
Light stage of non-REM (NREM)
- 5-10 minutes
- brain waves "slow down" from beta to theta
- Hypnagogic imagery
- Myoclinic jerks
- confusion |
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Hypnagogic Imagery |
Imagery of varying sensory modalities that is experienced in the borderline states just as one is falling asleep. Weird, random, hallucinatory. Trigger for lucid dreaming. |
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Myoclonic Jerks |
Uncontrollable jerking movement of limbs as of being startled or falling. "Sleep starts"
Hiccups are a form of myoclonus |
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Sleep Stage: 2 |
Deeper Stage of non-REM (NREM) - 65% of sleep - Further slowing of brain waves - Sleep Spindles - K-complexes - body & brain relaxes |
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Sleep Spindles |
Sudden bursts of electrical activity |
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K-complexes |
Sharply rising and falling waves |
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Sleep Stage: 3 & 4 |
Deepest stage of non-REM (NREM) - Critical for feeling rested - children 40% / adults 25% - delta waves Alcohol suppresses delta wave sleep |
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Delta Waves |
Deeper and slower brain waves Theta to delta |
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Sleep Stage: 5 |
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) - 20-25% Of total sleep - vivid dreams & quick eye movement - brain activity similar to wakefulness - REM increases in length as night goes on - body relaxed and "paralyzed"(atonia) |
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Dreams: NREM - Non-rapid eye movement |
Less dreams (43% association) Shorter More thought-like Repetitive Concerned with daily tasks |
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Dreams: REM - Rapid eye movement |
More dreams (82% association) Emotional, illogical Prone to plot shifts Biologically crucial |
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REM Facts |
Paradoxical
REM rebound: intensity/amount increases when REM missed (nightmares)
Eye movement function unknown Middle ear muscles active during REM REM behaviour disorder: non-paralysis when in REM (acting out dreams) |
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Lucid Dreaming |
Knowing a dream is a dream |
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Insomnia |
Difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, or early waking
Most common (9-20%)
Causes - stress - jet lag - medication/illness - shift work - caffeine - daytime napping |
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Narcolepsy |
Rapid and unexpected onset of sleep Some can experience cataplexy (loss of muscle tone) Co-morbid with depression and social anxiety disorder Involves directly entering REM sleep Linked to low orexin |
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Sleep Apnea |
Blockage of the airway during sleep Snoring, gasping, loss of breath Cause person to wake 9-38% of the population |
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Night Terrors |
Sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep |
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Sleepwalking (Somnambulism) |
Walking while fully asleep 15-30% children / 3-5% adults Most common after sleep deprivation non-REM (suggests people are not acting out their dreams) Sexsomnia: sexual acts while sleeping, no memory It is perfectly safe to wake up a sleep walker |
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Freud's Dream Protection Theory |
Dreams are a form of wish fulfillment that protect sleep from disruption by the unconscious mind Rejected by most scientists due to lack of evidence (difficult to falsify) |
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Activation-Synthesis Theory |
Dreams are created in neuron activity that activates the brainstem during REM sleep. Suggests dreams are random and meaningless. Unrelated to everyday life. |
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Neurocognitive Theory |
Dreams are meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about. Mind-wandering & Daydreaming |
