Psy240 Ch. 4

Front 1

Neurochemistry

Back 1

Chemical composition and processes of the NS

Front 2

Neuropharmocology

Back 2

Compounds that selectively affect the NS

Front 3

Endogenous

Back 3

Occurs naturally within the body

Front 4

Exogenous

Back 4

Substances from outside the body, used to affect our physiology and behavior

Front 5

Agonist

Back 5

Mimic effects of another transmitter

Front 6

Antagonists

Back 6

Bind receptor without activating it

Front 7

Inverse agonist

Back 7

Bind to receptor and initiates opposite effect or usual transmitter

Front 8

Co localization

Back 8

Co release

Front 9

Amino Acid NT

Back 9

GABA, Glutamate

Front 10

Quaternary amine NT

Back 10

ACh

Front 11

Monoamimes

Back 11

Catecolamimes: DEN

Indoleamines: serotonin(5-HT), melatonin

Front 12

Neuropeptides

Back 12

Opioid: endorphins

Other NP: oxytocin

Front 13

Gases

Back 13

Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide

Front 14

Glutamate

Back 14

Mist prevalent exitatory NT, associated with excitotoxicity. Also aspertate

Front 15

GABA

Back 15

Gamma-aminobutyric acid. Most prevalent inhibitory NT

Front 16

Valium

Back 16

GABA agonist, powerful tranquilizer

Front 17

Cholinergic Pathway

Back 17

-lost in Alzheimer's

-involved in learning and memory

-nicotinic (muscles) and muscarinic (cognition)

Front 18

Dopamine pathways

Back 18

-mesostriatal: motor control, Parkinson's, basal ganglia

-mesolimbocortical: reward, learning, schizophrenia, limbic system

Front 19

Noradrenergic Pathway

Back 19

-NE released from locus coeruleus (pons) and lateral regimental system

-mood, arousal, sexual behavior

Front 20

Serotonin

Back 20

-sleep, mood, sexual behavior, anxiety

-antidepressants increase 5-HT (Prozac)

Front 21

Gaseous NT functions

Back 21

-retrograde transmitters

-learning, memory, hair growth, penile erection

Front 22

Psychoactive drug

Back 22

Compounds that alter the functioning of the brain and conscious experience

Front 23

Metabolic tolerance

Back 23

Organs get better at processing the drugs

Front 24

Functional tolerance

Back 24

Change in sensitivity of the receptors on neurons. Up/down regulate

Front 25

Down regulate

Back 25

In response to agonist

Front 26

Up regulate

Back 26

In response to antagonist

Front 27

Cross tolerance

Back 27

Tolerance built up for one type of drug helps build tolerance for drugs in the same family

Front 28

Local anesthetics

Back 28

Block Na channels, blocking APs

Front 29

Three ways drugs effect synaptic transmission

Back 29

1. Transmitter production

2. NT release

3. NT clearing

Front 30

Colochicine

Back 30

Inhibits microtubule maintenance

Front 31

Reserpine

Back 31

Inhibits catecolamimes storage in vesicles

Front 32

Tetrodotoxin

Back 32

Pufferfish, blocks Na channels, no APs

Front 33

Amphetamine

Back 33

Stimulates release of catecolamimes without an AP

Front 34

Caffine

Back 34

Blocks effect adenosine (autoreceptor that inhibits catacholamine release)

Front 35

Transporter

Back 35

Specialized proteins thst return the transmitter to the presynaptic membrane

Front 36

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Back 36

Inhibits breakdown of ACh at synapse, prolonged muscle contraction

Front 37

Antipsychotic drugs

Back 37

(Neuroleptics) Treat schizophrenia.

Typical: selective dopamine antagonists, positive symptoms

Atypical: block dopamine and serotonin, negative symptoms

Front 38

Curare

Back 38

Blocks nicotinic ACh receptors

Front 39

Nicotine

Back 39

Activates ACh receptors

Front 40

LSD

Back 40

Agonist at serotonin receptors

Front 41

Alcohol

Back 41

Up regulates (increases) number of receptors for GABA

Front 42

Chlorpromazine

Back 42

Typical antispychotic

Front 43

Haloperidol

Back 43

Typical autopsycotic

Front 44

Loxapine

Back 44

Typical antipsychotic

Front 45

Clozapine

Back 45

Atypical antipsychotic

Front 46

MAOIs

Back 46

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, keep monoamine in synapse longer (Blocks breakdown)

Front 47

Tricyclics

Back 47

SSRI, Prozac, Zoloft

Front 48

SNRI

Back 48

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Front 49

Antoanxiety

Back 49

-Anxoilytics (depressents-GABA)

-barbiturates

-Benzodiazepine Agonist (Valium).

-Steroids (allopregnalone

-Steroids (allopregnalone

Front 50

GABA inhibitor

Back 50

Let's Cl into cell. Has many differnt ligand receptor sites

Front 51

Herion

Back 51

Opiate drug

Front 52

Marijuna

Back 52

-THC

-endocannabinoids- retrograde messengers, anandamide

-depressive and stimulative effects

Front 53

Nicotine

Back 53

- increases heart rate, blood pressure, HCl secretion, bowel activity

-Agonist on nicotine ACh receptors

Front 54

Cocaine

Back 54

-purified coca extract

-blocks Monoamine NT reuptake

-side effects: stroke, psychosis, mood disturbances

Front 55

Amphetamine/Methamphetamine

Back 55

-Triple threat attack

1. Lots of NT released without AP

2. Blocks reuptake

3. Alternate target for enzymes that inactivate catacholamines

-rapid addiction and tolerance

-prolonged use looks like paranoid schizophrenia

Front 56

Dependence

Back 56

The desire to self-administer a drug of abuse

-patterns of consumption, craving, impact on life

-more severe than substance abuse

Front 57

Nucleus accumbens

Back 57

Where many addictive drugs cause dopamine release

Front 58

Ventral tegmental area

Back 58

Reward pathway. Addictive powder of drugs may come from stimulating this pathway

Front 59

Cue induced drug use

Back 59

Increases likelihood of using a drug because factors are present that were also present when the drug was last used

Front 60

Explain how classical conditioning leads to drug overdose

Back 60

CS- environment

US- drug

CR- high

UR- high