Psy201 Chapter 11

Front 1

Health Psychology

Back 1

How to remain healthy,
why we become ill
how we respond when we become ill

Front 2

Trephination

Back 2

Stone Age belief

Mentally ill are possessed, need to drill into brain to let the spirit escape

Front 3

Theories/Models of illness: Humoral

Back 3

Physical and Psychological problems resulted from an imbalance in four fluids
1) Blood
2) Black Bile
3) Yellow Bile
4) Phlegm

Front 4

Theories/Models of illness: Cartesian dualism

Back 4

Descartes Theory that mind and body are completely separate

Front 5

Theories/Models of illness: cellular/biomedical

Back 5

Disease can be traced to individual cells

Front 6

Theories/Models of illness: psychosomatic medicine

Back 6

Changes in physiology mediate relationships between unconscious conflicts and illness

Front 7

Theories/Models of illness: biopsychosocial

Back 7

Health and illness stem from a combination of biological, psychological and social issues

Front 8

Top three leading causes of Death (2006)

Back 8

Heart Disease
Cancer
Stroke

Front 9

Health belief model

Back 9

- Perceived susceptibility to a health threat (optimist bias "oh I won't get it" so they'll expose themselves)
- Perceived seriousness of a health threat ("I don't need a facemask it's not that contagious")
- Benefits and barriers to ceasing unhealthy behaviour (most important for changing behaviour "I'd stop smoking but I look like way too much of a babe when I do it")

Cues to action (always eat pringles when you watch a certain tv show)

Front 10

Theories: Protection Motivation

Back 10

- Four aspects PLUS self efficiency ("I think I can") If you don't believe you can change you won't.

Front 11

Theories: Reasoned Action

Back 11

Behaviour is a function of intentions
Attitudes: Strong beliefs driving behaviour
Subjective Norms: "Does this person's opinion matter?" Culture/Family/Friend norms

Front 12

Theories: Planned behaviour

Back 12

- Similar to reasoned action
- Behaviour is a function of behavioural intentions and self efficiency

Front 13

Obesity

Back 13

2/3 American Adults are overweight or obese
- Second leading cause of preventable deaths. (Heart disease etc)
Contributors:
- Heredity: Genes account for 40% of obesity.
- Socio-economic status
- Portion size
- Sedentary Life style
- Anxiety (eating as a coping mechanism)
Treatment:
- Dieting is most common by 90% don't keep it on.

Front 14

Smoking

Back 14

Most preventable source of major illness.
28% of high school teens smoke
Contributors:
- Primarily Social Influences (peer pressure)
- Physiological addiction (chemical)
- Genetic (fast metabolizers of nicotine are more likely to smoke)
Treatment:
- Very difficult to overcome addiction
- Easier to prevent than stop.

Front 15

Alcohol Abuse

Back 15

Contributors:
- Heredity (30%)
- Escape Mechanism (alcohol lowers self awareness, self handicapping=excuse for failure)
- Social Influences (peer groups, associate alcohol with pleasurable social groups)
Consequence:
- Physical: Liver damage, cancers, stroke, high risk behaviours=death
- Social: Divorce, loss of employment, poor relationship quality
Treatments:
- Detoxification (inpatient treatment occasionally with medicine to prevent withdrawal symptoms)
- Aversion Therapy (associate strong negative reaction with alcohol)

AA (cognitive behavioral treatment)

Front 16

STIs

Back 16

CONDOMS, PEOPLE
20+ serious diseases can be transmitted through sexual contact (HIV)
50% of STDs infect under 25yr olds
Some are incurable
Women are more at risk and have more severe consequences than men

Front 17

Stress

Back 17

Challenge to a person's capacity to adapt to inner and outer demands, may be:
- Physiological arousing
- Emotionally taxing
- Cognitively and behaviourally activating

Three types of Stress
- Harm/Loss: Loss of something valued
- Threat: Anticipation of harm or loss
- Challenge: Opportunities for growth that may include possibility of uncertainty or disruption.

Front 18

General Adaptation Syndrome

Back 18

Fight or Flight Model
- Alarm: Release of adrenaline in response to stressor. Sympathetic NS response
- Resistance: High arousal cannot be sustained so parasympathetic NS brings body back to normal but stress-related hormones remain at high levels
- Exhaustion: Ongoing stress puts strain on physiological defenses (get sick easier)

Front 19

Primary and Secondary Appraisal

Back 19

· Primary Appraisal: Is a situation benign, stressful or irrelevant
· Secondary Appraisal: Evaluate options and decide how to react
· Emotional Forecasting: Prediction of feelings the situation will produce and likely emotional impact of potential responses

Front 20

Sources of Stress

Back 20

life events,
major stressors,
acculturative stress,
catastrophes,
daily hassles

Front 21

Links between Stress and disease

Back 21

x

Front 22

Psychoneuroimmunology

Back 22

x

Front 23

immune system

Back 23

x

Front 24

antibodies

Back 24

x

Front 25

Personality and stress - Type A

Back 25

x

Front 26

Personality and stress - optimism/pesimism

Back 26

x

Front 27

Personality and stress - Control

Back 27

x

Front 28

Impact of culture

Back 28

x

Front 29

Low effort syndrome (john henry-ism)

Back 29

x

Front 30

Role of social support

Back 30

x

Front 31

problem focused coping strategies

Back 31

x

Front 32

emotion focused coping strategies

Back 32

x

Front 33

ESSAY 1) Describe what stage character is in
Piaget, Erikson, Kohlberg, Maslow

Back 33

FINN! Adventure Time.
12 year old boy working out identity and girls and knows he's good at adventuring so
P:
E:
K:
M:

Front 34

ESSAY 2) How to apply "Teratogens" and "Sleep Deprivation"

Back 34

Teratogens: Since the couple are planning to have a baby they know the mother should avoid alcohol, sick people and drugs
Sleep Deprivation: When they have the child they will no doubt be sleep deprived and this can cause many issues so they should work out a method where one can sleep in peace one night and the other looks after any baby issues, and the next night they swap

Front 35

ESSAY 3) HOW can NONRANDOMASSIGNMENT/NOPLACEBO lead to an inaccurate perception, cognition or conclusion and WHY

Back 35

Non Random: The people all automatically have something in common that may effect results, to accurately represent the population of humans we must select people that don't necessarily have anything in common (eg. Not all American, not all first year students)

Placebo: If we don't have a placebo we can't see how much of the behaviour change is falsified (people acting drunk when told they've been drinking beer)

Front 36

ESSAY 4) Pep rally. Explain behaviour and perceptions of the participants.
sympathetic NS
Schacter-Singer theory of Emotion

Back 36

SNS:

S-S: