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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Memory? |
The mental system for storing, receiving, encoding, organizing, altering, and recalling information |
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What are the three memory types? |
1. Sensory 2. Short term 3. Long term |
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What is Sensory memory? |
A sensory experience that causes firing of neurons 5-7 times. Lasts less than 2 seconds. No determined information holding capacity. |
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What is short term memory? |
Basically awareness. It lasts from 12-30 seconds and can hold 5-7 bits or pieces of information. |
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What is long term memory? |
Any memory longer than 3 minutes. No known storage capacity for these. |
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What are the critical variables between memories? |
Sensory to short term - choosing to pay attention to something
Short term to long term - meaningfulness of something, repetition and importance) |
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What is rehearsal? |
Keeping short term memory alive (beyond 30 seconds) by silently repeating the information |
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What is recoding? |
Combining pieces of information into one bit so more information can be held in one bit. (Increasing capacity of a memory bit) |
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What is redintegration? |
The process of a memory chain (linking one memory to another, ex. Remembering something because of something else) |
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What are the three types of long term memory? |
Procedural Semantic Episodic |
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What is procedural long term memory? |
Muscle memory. Ability to recall physical skills and activities, very resistant to forgetting, and doesn't take much to recall. |
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What is semantic long term memory? |
General knowledge, facts, information etc. Is easily forgotten, buy if recalled frequently is harder to forget. Usually more accurate than episodic long term memories and are less altered. |
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What are episodic long term memories? |
Knowledge of self, personal experience, & personal facts. Emotionally strong memories tend to stay longer. Episodic memory is usually most altered in favor of our ego. |
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What is Ebbinghouse's work on forgetting? |
Forgetting occurs immediately after learning stops. It begins rapidly and drops off significantly after several days. |
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What is cognition? |
Any form of thinking |
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What are the three basic units of cognition? |
Images Concepts Language |
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What is an Image? |
Any mental representation of something in your head. A picture, lyrics, a taste or smell, a tune, etc. Doesn't have to be pictures only. |
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What are stored images? |
A memory. Anything you've had sensory experience with. |
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What is a created image? |
Imagination. Something you have to mentally create. |
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What is synesthesia? |
When sensory input crosses sensory boundaries (hearing light, smelling color, tasting a sound) |
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What is concept formation? |
Classifying objects into meaningful categories (Country music, boring instructor, hot emo boys (Gerard and Andy and Ronnie) |
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What do concepts allow? |
Manipulation of their definition of classification rather than the object itself |
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What are the three types of concepts? |
Conjunctive (and) What is motorcycle? It's got an engine and two wheels and has a seat, etc. Relational (in relation to) It's cold. Is it cold for may or cold for august or cold for december? Disjunctive (multiple ways of fitting a category) You can strike out a batter by a swinging strike, fouling him and catching it, a looking strike, etc. |
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What is denotation? |
Actual meaning of a word |
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What is connotation? |
Personal meaning to a word |
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What is semantics? |
Study of meaning in language |
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What is the definition of intelligence? |
The ability to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with your environment. |
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What's the difference between intelligence and aptitude? |
Intelligence is an overall ability to learn something, but aptitude is more specific in one field (math, music, art, english) etc. |
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What is reliability? |
The ability for something to give similar, repeatable, results. (A clock stuck at 12:00 is completely reliable) |
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What is validity? |
The accuracy with which something claims to measure (A scale that measures something completely accurately) |
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How do you calculate an IQ score? |
(MA ÷ CA) * 100 |
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What are the differences between men and women's typical IQ scores? |
Men - higher in quantitave reasoning and visual social processing Women - higher in knowledge, vocabulary, and memory |
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What are the 7 IQ levels |
Below 70 - Intellectually disabled 70-79 - Borderline 80-89 - Dull Normal 90-109 - Average 110-119 - Bright Normal 120-129 - Superior 130 or above - Very Superior |
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What are the myths about intellectually gifted people? |
1. They are socially peculiar 2. They are physically inferior 3. Giftedness falls off with age 4. Giftedness is not a predictor of success 5. Giftedness is next to insanity |
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What are the 4 levels of mental retardation? |
50 - 70 - Mild 35 - 49 - Moderate (Mental age range 8 - 12) 20 - 34 - Severe (Mental age range 2 - 5) Below 20 - Profound (life support level) |
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What is motivational sequence? |
The belief all motivation are biological, innate, and purposeful |
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What is the order of motivational sequence? |
Need - Drive - Response - Goal |
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What is need? |
Biological craving of something |
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What is drive? |
Physiological awareness of lack of thing |
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What is response? |
Behavior to fix need |
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What is goal? |
Reduction of need |
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Why does motivational sequence fail? |
Not all motives are biological, purposeful, or innate. |
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What is incentive value? |
Ability of a goal to motivate behavior in lack of a physical need |
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What are the three types of motives? |
Biological, Stimulus, and learned |
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What is biological motive? |
Primary motives which are necessary for survival (food, water, air, sex, etc.) |
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What are stimulus motives? |
Desire for entertainment (seeking knowledge, boredom avoidment, curiosity, excitement) these are innate |
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What are learned motives? |
Things we learn to value, no physical need or innateness. (Guitars, cars, money) |
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What are homeostatic motives? |
Motives geared towards a neutral balance in life. Not too hot, not too cold, etc. |
