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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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International Norms (p.233) |
The expectations held by participants about normal relations among states |
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International Organizations (IOs) (p.234) |
Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) such as the UN and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) |
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Intergovernmental Organization (IGO) (p.234) |
An organization (such as the United Nations and its agencies) whose members are state governments |
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Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) (p.234) |
A transnational group or entity (such as the Catholic Church, Greenpeace, or the International Olympic Committee) that interacts with states, multinational corporations, other NGOs, and intergovernmental organizations |
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UN Charter (p.237) |
The founding document of the United Nations; it is based on the principles that states are equal, have sovereignty over their own affairs, enjoy independence and territorial integrity, and must fulfill international obligations. Also lays out the structure and methods of the UN |
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UN General Assembly (p.237) |
A body composed of representatives of all states that allocates UN funds, passes nonbinding resolutions, and coordinates third world development programs and various autonomous agencies through the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) |
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UN Security Council (p.239) |
A body of five great powers (which can veto resolutions) and ten rotating member states that makes decisions about international peace and security including the dispatch of UN peacekeeping forces |
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5 Permanent Members of UN Security Council (p.242) |
China, France, Russia, UK, US |
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UN Secretariat (p.239) |
The UN's executive branch, led by the secretary-general |
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Current Secretary General |
Ban Ki-Moon of South Korea |
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Collective Security (p.239) |
Presupposing the existence of a universal organization (such as the United Nations) to which both the aggressor and its opponents belong |
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The Three Pillars (p.241) |
Security, economic development, and human rights (principles UN follows) |
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Peacekeeping (p.245) |
Calm regional conflicts which plays a neutral role between warring forces |
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Economic and Social Council (p.251) |
Manages the overlapping work of a large number of programs and agencies |
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UN International Children's Fund (UNICEF) (p.252) |
Gives technical and financial assistance to poor countries for programs benefiting children |
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Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (p.252) |
Coordinates efforts to protect, assist, and eventually repatriate the many refugees who flee across international borders each year to escape war and political violence |
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UN Development Program (UNDP) (p.252) |
coordinates all UN efforts related to development in poor countries |
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International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (p.253) |
Autonomous. Although it has an economic role in helping develop civilian nuclear power plants, it mainly works to prevent nuclear proliferation |
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World Health Organization (WHO) (p.253) |
Provides technical assistance to improve conditions and conduct major immunization campaigns in poor countries. Geneva-based. |
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Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (p.253) |
The lead agency in agriculture |
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World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (p.253) |
Seeks world compliance with copyrights and patents and promotes development and technology transfer within a legal framework that protects such intellectual property |
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World Trade Organization (WTO) (p.254) |
Sets rules for international trade |
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The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (p.254) |
Gives loans, grants, and technical assistance for economic development (manages international balance-of-payments accounting) |
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4 Sources of International Law (pgs. 254-255) |
Treaties, custom, general principles of law, legal scholarship |
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Treaties (p.254) |
Most important source, they are binding on successor governments whether the new government takes power through an election, a coup, or a revolution |
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Custom (p.255) |
When states behave toward each other in a certain way for long enough, their behavior may become generally accepted practice with the status of law |
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General Principles of Law (p.255) |
Principles and ideas that have the same meaning in international context (theft, assault, etc.) |
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Legal Scholarship (p.255) |
The written arguments of judges and lawyers around the world on the issues in question |
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Sanctions (p.256) |
Agreements among other states to stop trading with the violator, or to stop some particular commodity trade (most often military goods) as punishment for its violation |
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World Court (International Court of Justice) (ICJ) (p.256) |
The judicial arm of the UN; located in The Hague, it hears only cases between states |
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Optional Clause (p.257) |
Gives the World Court jurisdiction in certain cases |
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Alien Tort Claims Act (p.259) |
In 1789, gives federal courts jurisdiction over civil lawsuits against foreigners for "violation of the law of nations" |
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International Criminal Court (ICC) (p.272) |
Created in 1998, hears cases of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity from anywhere in the world |
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Prisoners of War (POWs) (p.273) |
Soldiers who have surrendered (and who thereby receive special status under the laws of war) |
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International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (p.274) |
Provides practical support, such as medical care, food, and letters from home, to civilians caught in wars and to POWs |
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Nuremberg Tribunal (p.274) |
Established that participants can be held accountable for war crimes they commit |
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Diplomatic Recognition (p.261) |
The process by which the status of embassies and that of an ambassador as an official state representative are explicitly defined |
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Diplomatic Immunity (p. 262) |
A privilege under which diplomats' activities fall outside the jurisdiction of the host country's national courts |
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Just War Doctrine (p.263) |
Defines the difference between just wars (legal) and wars of aggression (illegal) |
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Universalism (p.265) |
No matter where a person resides, no matter his or her ethnic nationality, and no matter his or her local religious, ethnic, or clan traditions, that person has certain rights that must be respected |
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Relativism (p.265) |
Local traditions and histories should be given due respect, even if this means limiting rights that others outside that local context find important
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (pgs.266-267) |
1948. The core UN document on human rights; although it lacks the force of international law, it sets forth international norms regarding behavior by governments toward their own citizens and foreigners alike |
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Amnesty International (p.268) |
An NGO that operates globally to monitor and try to rectify glaring abuses of human rights |
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Responsibility to Protect (R2P) (p.269) |
Principle adopted by world leaders in 2005 holding governments responsible for protecting civilians from genocide and crimes against humanity perpetrated within a sovereign state |
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War Crimes (p.270) |
Violations of the law governing the conduct of warfare, such as by mistreating prisoners of war or unnecessarily targeting civilians. |
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Crimes Against Humanity (p.270) |
A category of legal offenses created at the Nuremberg trials after World War II to encompass genocide and other acts committed by the political and military leaders of the Third Reich (Nazi Germany)
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