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25 Cards in this Set
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progressive movement
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What: In the United States was a period of social activism and reform that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s.
Significance:The main goal of the Progressive movement was purification of government, as Progressives tried to expose and undercut political machines and bosses. Many (but not all) Progressives supported prohibition in order to destroy the political power of local bosses based in saloons |
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John Dewey
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What:was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.
Significance: Dewey considered two fundamental elements—schools and civil society—as being major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and plurality. Dewey asserted that complete democracy was to be obtained not just by extending voting rights but also by ensuring that there exists a fully formed public opinion, accomplished by effective communication among citizens, experts, and politicians, with the latter being accountable for the policies they adopt. |
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Scientific Management
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What: was a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity.
Significance: t was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its development began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industries. |
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Ida tarbell
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What: was an American teacher, author and journalist. She was known as one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era, work known in modern times as "investigative journalism".
Significance: She became the first person to take on Standard Oil. She began her work on The Standard after her editors at McClure's Magazine called for a story on one of the trusts. |
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Seventeenth amendment
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What:This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
Significance:o the United States Constitution established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote. |
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Theodore Roosevelt
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What: was the 26th President of the United States (1901-1909). He is noted for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, and his "cowboy" image and robust masculinity
Significance: He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. |
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Trust Busting
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What: a term that referred to President Theodore Roosevelt's policy of prosecuting monopolies, or "trusts," that violated federal antitrust law
Significance: Roosevelt's "trust-busting" policy marked a major departure from previous administrations' policies, which had generally failed to enforce the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, and added momentum to the progressive reform movements of the early 1900s. |
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Elkins Act
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What: is a 1903 United States federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.The Elkins Act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates. The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates.
Significance: the livestock and petroleum industries paid standard rail shipping rates, but then would demand that the railroad company give them rebates. The railroad companies resented being extorted by the railroad trusts and therefore welcomed passage of the Elkins Act. T |
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Hepburn Act
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What: Hepburn Act is a 1906 United States federal law that gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates. This led to the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shipper
Significance: the ICC could view the railroads' financial records, a task simplified by standardized bookkeeping systems. For any railroad that resisted, the ICC's conditions would remain in effect until the outcome of legislation said otherwise. By the Hepburn Act, the ICC's authority was extended to cover bridges, terminals, ferries, railroad sleeping cars, express companies and oil pipelines |
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The Jungle
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What: is a 1906 novel written by journalist Upton Sinclair. Sinclair wrote the novel to point out the troubles of the working class and to show the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century.
Significance: The novel depicts in harsh tones poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the working class, which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted corruption on the part of those in power. |
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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What: is a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines
Significance: he Act arose due to public education and exposés from Muckrakers such as Upton Sinclair and Samuel Hopkins Adams, social activist Florence Kelley, researcher Harvey W. Wiley, and President Theodore Roosevelt. |
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Meat inspection Act
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What: substantially amended by the 1967 Wholesome Meat Act (P.L. 90-201), requires the United States Department of Agriculture to inspect all cattle, sheep, goats, and horses when slaughtered and processed into products for human consumption
Significance: he primary goals of the law are to prevent adulterated or misbranded livestock and products from being sold as food, and to ensure that meat and meat products (as well as poultry) are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. |
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Sixteenth Amendment
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What: allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results.
Significance: his amendment exempted income taxes from the constitutional requirements regarding direct taxes, after income taxes on rents, dividends, and interest were ruled to be direct taxes in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. |
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Eugene V, Debs
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What: was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World
Significance: Debs was a member of the Democratic Party of the United States. He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884. After working with several smaller unions, including the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Debs was instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union |
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Federal Reserve Act
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What:s the Act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America, and granted it the legal authority to issue legal tender.
Significance:The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. |
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Clayton Anti treat
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What: was enacted in the United States to add further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime by seeking to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency.
Significance:That regime started with the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the first Federal law outlawing practices considered harmful to consumers (monopolies, cartels, and trusts). The Clayton act specified particular prohibited conduct, the three-level enforcement scheme, the exemptions, and the remedial measures. |
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Federal trade commission
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What: is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
Significance:Its principal mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of what regulators perceive to be harmfully anti-competitive business practices, such as coercive monopoly. |
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Niagara Movement
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What:was a black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter.
Significance: The Niagara Movement was a call for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement as well as policies of accommodation and conciliation promoted by African American leaders |
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Booker t. Washington
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What: was an American educator, author, orator, and political leader. He was the dominant figure in the African American community in the United States from 1890 to 1915.
Significance:Representative of the last generation of black leaders born in slavery, he spoke on behalf of blacks living in the South. In his last 25 years, Washington maintained his standing because of the sponsorship of powerful whites, substantial support within the black community, his ability to raise educational funds from both groups, and his accommodation to the social realities of the age of Jim Crow segregation |
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W.E.B Dubois
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What:was an intellectual leader in the United States as sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor.
Significance: W. E. B. Du Bois attempted virtually every possible solution to the problem of twentieth-century racism—scholarship, propaganda, integration, national self-determination, human rights, cultural and economic separatism, politics, international communism, expatriation, third world solidarity |
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NAACP
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What :is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909
Significance: Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination |
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Alice Paul
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What:was an American suffragette and activist
Significance: Along with Lucy Burns and others, she led a successful campaign for women's suffrage that resulted in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920 |
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Carrie Chapman Catt
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What:was a women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920
Significance: att served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women. |
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19th amendment
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What: to the United States Constitution prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920.
Significance: he U.S. Constitution allows states to determine the qualifications for voting, and until the 1910s most states disenfranchised women entirely. The amendment was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement, which fought at both state and national levels to achieve the vote. |
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League of Women Voters
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What:is an American political organization founded in 1920[1] by Carrie Chapman Catt during the last meeting of the National American Woman Suffrage Association approximately six months before the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote.
Significance:t began as a "mighty political experiment" aimed to help newly-enfranchised women exercise their responsibilities as voters. Originally, only women could join the league; but in 1973 the charter was modified to include men |
