Production Correspondence

Front 1

Air rotary method requires that air be supplied at pressures from _______ to ________ psi

Back 1

100-250psi

Front 2

___________ is a dug well from 12 to 16 feet in diameter that has been sunk as a crimson near the bank a river or lake.

Back 2

Water collector

Front 3

List 3 components of a sanitary seal

Back 3

Conductor casing,

upper portion of well casing,

grout material

Front 4

__________ prevents contaminants from surface waters or shallow groundwater from entering the well.

Back 4

Conductor casing

Front 5

Conductor casing should extend ______ above ground surface.

Back 5

18 inches

Front 6

At minimum the conductor casing should be ______ in depth.

Back 6

50feet

Front 7

________ maintains the well hole by preventing its walls from collapsing, to provide a way to get water to the pumping unit, to form a chamber or housing for the well pump, and to protect the quality of water pumped.

Back 7

Well casing

Front 8

_________ of the well permits the free flow of water from water bearing formations into the well itself, while at the same time it supports the water-bearing formations and prevents the drill hole from collapsing.

Back 8

Intake section

Front 9

Three basic types of well screens are

Back 9

Continuous slot

Bar

Wire wound

Front 10

The length and diameter of the screen section are typically based on the expected _________ of the well.

Back 10

Yield

Front 11

The size of ___________ is determined by the effective size and uniformity coefficient of the sands in the water-bearing strata.

Back 11

Screen openings

Front 12

Very popular type of intake section

Back 12

Formed louvers

Front 13

___________ Seals out water of any unsatisfactory chemical or bacterial quality, to protect the well casing or conductor casing pipe against exterior corrosion, and to stabilize soil formations that are a caving nature.

Back 13

Annular grout seal

Front 14

_________ is used to fill the annular space between the well casing and conductor casing, the space between the conductor casing and the borehole, or the space between the well casing and the borehole.

Back 14

Grout or cement

Front 15

__________ is used to control the entrance of sand into the well.

Back 15

Gravel pack

Front 16

The size of the gravel selected for the gravel pack is determined by an _______________ of the water bearing aquifer materials encountered during the drilling process.

Back 16

Analysis of the grain size

Front 17

Whenever placing gravel in a well, the gravel must be disinfected with a strong chlorine solution of _______before installation to avoid contaminating the well.

Back 17

50mg/L

Front 18

___________ is provided to prevent vacuum conditions inside a well by admitting air during the drawdown period when the well pump is first started.

Back 18

Well-casing vent

Front 19

_____________ prevents pressure buildup inside the well casing by allowing excess air to escape during well recovery (refilling) period after the well pump shuts off.

Back 19

Well-casing vent

Front 20

_________ venting is desirable on wells over 14 inch in diameter.

Back 20

Dual

Front 21

A properly sized and constructed vent should allow the unrestricted flow of air into and out of the well interior. A vent of at least ______ in diameter should be provided.

Back 21

3inches

Front 22

All well vents should be constructed so that the openings are in a ___________ position.

Back 22

Vertical downward

Front 23

__________ permits operator to see level of gravel and add gravel as neccasary.

Back 23

Gravel tube

Front 24

__________ permits insertion of water-level measuring device; also used to add chlorine or well cleaning agents.

Back 24

Sounding tube

Front 25

___________ permits measurement of water level by means of air pressure measurements.

Back 25

Air line water level measuring device

Front 26

__________ Supports the weight of the pumping unit

Back 26

Pump pedestal

Front 27

_________ provides watertight seal between the motor base and the concrete support pedestal.

Back 27

Pump motor base seal

Front 28

__________ permits sampling of pumped water.

Back 28

Sampling tap

Front 29

_______ permits discharge of air in column pipe during startup and admits air during shutdown.

Back 29

Air release and vacuum breaker valve

Front 30

__________ removes first water (usually sandy) pumped at startup.

Back 30

Pump blowoff

Front 31

On gravel-envelope wells, a ___________ must be provided to monitor the level of gravel and to add gravel as neccasary.

Back 31

Gravel tube

Front 32

The well casing vent pipe and the gravel tube are generally encased within a ___________ designed to support the full weight of the pumping unit.

Back 32

Concrete pump pedestal

Front 33

What generally is the yield of driven wells?

A. Very small to small

B. Large to very large

C. Moderate to large

D. Small to moderate

Back 33

Small to moderate

Front 34

What generally determines the length and diameter of the well screen section?

A. Recommended water velocity

B. Projected sand production

C. Expected yield of the well

D. Effective size of the sand in the water-bearing strata

Back 34

Expected yield of the well

Front 35

What is the purpose of the well-casing vent on a water well?A. To permit the insertion of a water-level measuring device also to aff chlorine or well cleaning agents

B. To allow air to enter the well during drawdown to prevent vacuum conditions and also to vent excess air during the well

C. To permit the operator to see the level of gravel and add gravel ass neccasary

D. To support the weight of the pumping unit

Back 35

To allow air to enter the well during drawdown to prevent vacuum conditions and also to vent excess air during well

Front 36

Hydropneumatic tanks can serve as surge suppressor. What is one purpose of surge suppressors?

A. Prevent damage to the main well pump

B. Push shock waves through the water lines

C. Absorb shock waves in the water system

D. Increase pressure in specific zones of the distribution system

Back 36

Absorb shock waves in the water system

Front 37

How are hydropneumatic pressure tank systems used in well pump operations?

A. To maintain adequate pressure on the well pump

B. To keep the well pump cycling on and off on a frequent basis

C. To maintain adequate pressure throughout the distribution system

D. To maintain adequate storage for the distribution system

Back 37

To maintain adequate pressure throughout the distribution system

Front 38

What location has the highest relative probability of contamination?

A. Separated from agricultural operations

B. Upstream of an urban area with many septic tanks

C. Downstream of industrial manufacturing facilities

D. Separated from facilities using hazardous chemicals

Back 38

Downstream of industrial manufacturing facilities

Front 39

What is a natural, underground layer of porous, water-bearing materials (sand,gravel) usually capable of yielding a large amount or supply of water

Back 39

Aquifer

Front 40

What can cause permanent damage to the waterbearing formations of the earth's surface (aquifers)?

A. Pollution of wells

B. Excessive use of wells

C. Seasonal variations in static water level

D. Groundwater recharge

Back 40

Excessive use of wells

Front 41

Aquifers have a certain ________ that can normally be replaced each year through recharge due mainly to precipitation.

Back 41

Yield

Front 42

What is the best course against groundwater pollution?

A. Cleaning aquifers

B. Prevention

C. Recordkeeping

D. Overdraft

Back 42

Prevention

Front 43

What data can help a well operator predict a wells performance with a high degree of accuracy?

A. Weather forecasts

B. Consumer surveys

C. Past performance data

D. Employee records

Back 43

Past performance data

Front 44

What is wellhead protection program designed to protect?

A. The source of groundwater supply

B. The actual wellhead over the well

C. The water distribution system that delivers safe drinking water to all consumers

D. The wellhead pumps that provide pressure to the system

Back 44

The source of groundwater supply

Front 45

Which item is the first step in successfully implementing a wellhead protection program?

A. Community participation

B. Collecting existing data and filling in the data gaps

C. Establishing wellhead protection areas ( WHPAs)

D. Identifying which land uses constitute a threat to groundwater quality

Back 45

Community participation

Front 46

What is the surface or zone with restricted land uses surrounding a public water system water well or well field?

A. Zone of saturation

B. Wellhead Protection Area

C. Cone of Depression

D. Well isolation zone

Back 46

Well isolation zone

Front 47

In the operation of gas stations, which practices can be implemented to prevent the contamination of groundwater?

A. Test tanks and pipes regularly

B. Apply nitrogen according to a crop budget

C. Avoid garbage disposals

D. Equip exhaust fans to catch dripping liquid

Back 47

Test tanks and pipes regularly

Front 48

Why is easy access an important element of well site selection?

A. Reduction of long-term delivery costs

B. Acceptable aesthetics

C. Prohibitive cost of power

D. Efficient installation, operation, and repair

Back 48

Efficient installation, operation, and repair

Front 49

Which well yield test methods are used to make rough estimates of the yield without installing a pump?

A. Bailing and air blow

B. Step-continuous composite variations

C. Variable rate and constant rate

D. Observation and manifold

Back 49

Bailing and air blow

Front 50

How does a submersible deep well turbine pump differ from a standard deep well turbine pump?

A. Motor is mounted directly beneath the bowl assembly

B. More efficient

C. Called variable-displacement deep well centrifugal pumps

D. Driven through a rotating shaft

Back 50

Motor is mounted directly beneath the bowl assembly

Front 51

Differences in a well pumping head can be caused by which factor?

A. Measurement techniques used by operators

B. Changes in the sources of demands for the well water

C. Type of pump selected

D. Seasonal variations of the static water level

Back 51

Seasonal variations of the static water level

Front 52

What circumstance calls for a detailed investigation of an existing well to determine the cause or source of contamination?

A. Disinfection solution produces a chlorine concentration of 200 mg/L in the well casing

B. Repeated attempts to Disinfection the well are unsuccessful

C. Laboratory bacteriological reports show the well is free of contamination

D. Repair or replacement of pumping equipment

Back 52

Repeated attempts to disinfect the well are unsuccessful

Front 53

What is one disadvantage of auxiliary power?

A. Not dependable

B. Hard to provide

C. Expensive

D. Few manufacturers

Back 53

Expensive

Front 54

What safety features are commonly built into well pump systems?

A. High- or low-pressure cutoffs

B. High- or low-chemical cutoffs

C. High- or low-traffic cutoffs

D. High- or low-temperature cutoffs

Back 54

High- or low-pressure cutoffs

Front 55

What is an advantage of automation of pump controls?

A. No operator responsibility

B. Identifies causes of problems

C. Lower cost for operation and maintenance

D. Must be complex to work

Back 55

Lower cost for operation and maintenance

Front 56

A sampling tap needs to be placed between the _________ and _________.

Back 56

Wellhead

Check valve

Front 57

A sampling tap that is used to collect bacteriological samples should not have a ___________ or ________ on it.

Back 57

Screen

Aerator

Front 58

___________ a diaphragm-type valve designed to eliminate pipeline surges caused by the starting and stopping of deep well pumps. This valve is available in a normally closed type or a normally open type.

Back 58

Pump control valve

Front 59

A _______ is often placed at the inlet to the pump suction line in a well.

Back 59

Foot valve

Front 60

________ is used to know the rate at which water is being pumped to the system in order to calculate the correct feed rate.

Back 60

Flowmeter

Front 61

Nearly all wells produce sand and tests have shown it is the sand particles larger than _________ that cause the most trouble in a distribution system.

Back 61

200mesh

Front 62

__________ function is to absorb shock waves in fluid (water) system and prevent their transmittal through the line.

Back 62

Surge suppressors

Front 63

__________ should be installed on all hydropneumatic tanks.

Back 63

Pressure relief valves

Front 64

________ are used to provide a consistent range of suitable pressures in the distribution system despite changing demands and pump cycling.

Back 64

Hydropneumatic pressure tanks

Front 65

For larger wells, the operation will usually be under the direction of a ______________.

Back 65

Competent engineer or geologist

Front 66

Comprehensive aquifer tests require a minimum of _____ or _____ observation wells, depending on the purpose of the test results or the well.

Back 66

One or two

Front 67

________ can be sedimentation successfully in low-yield wells, but other procedures are commonly uses when the well has a high yield.

Back 67

Bailing

Front 68

_________ This procedure requires injection of air at the bottom of the well in sufficient quantity to blow water out of the well

Back 68

Air blow

Front 69

_______ This method requires pumping the well at a series of constant rates and measuring the variation in drawdown during pumping.

Back 69

Variable rate method

Front 70

There are several variations or modifications of this method. In this procedure, the well is tested approximately 1/2, 3/4, 1, and 1 1/2 times the pump design capacity and usually runs for 24 hours or more.

Back 70

Step continous composite method

Front 71

Approximately ____ percent of the water used in the United States comes from underground soures.

Back 71

45%

Front 72

Estimates indicate that there are between ______ and ______ water wells scattered throughout the United States.

Back 72

10,000,000 and 20,000,000

Front 73

________ is the continuous circulation of water (including moisture) on our planet.

Back 73

Hydrologic cycle

Front 74

Water that infiltrates the soil is called __________ , but not all of it becomes groundwater.

Back 74

Subsurface water

Front 75

Water that has infiltrated the soil deeply enough may be pulled downward by gravity until it reaches the level of the ___________ the groundwater Reservoir that supplies water to wells.

Back 75

Zone of saturation

Front 76

________ an aquifer can damage the aquifer by reducing the storage and production capacity of groundwater systems.

Back 76

Overpumping

Front 77

A problem that may develop from _______ or installing the pump suction too high include pumping air and water cascading into the well.

Back 77

Overpumping

Front 78

A _______ is a filtering device attached to the bottom of the casing.

Back 78

Well screen

Front 79

The most common cause of a decrease in the capacity of a well is the clogging of the ____________ and the aquifer's pore spaces around the _______ by incrusting depsoits.

Back 79

Well screen openings

Well screen

Front 80

Incrusting waters are usually _____.

Back 80

Alkaline

Front 81

Excessive _________ is a common source of incrustation in wells.

Back 81

Carbonate hardness

Front 82

_______ waters are usually acidic and may contain relatively high concentrations of dissolved oxygen.

Back 82

Corrosive

Front 83

____________ is responsible for more than 80 percent of the blockages in wells.

Back 83

Bacterial growth

Front 84

___________ serves three beneficial functions for the bacteria 1. It enables the bacteria to attach to surfaces. 2. It provides protection for the bacteria from chemical or physical activity, and 3. It captures nutrients or food the bacteria need.

Back 84

Polysaccharide polymer

Front 85

The best possible procedure for a good maintenance program is adequate __________.

Back 85

recordkeeping

Front 86

_________ is a procedure used for opening pores in the screen and for cleaning the gravel pack around the screen.

Back 86

Surging

Front 87

_________ may be the only effective procedure available to loosen incrustation so that it may be removed from the well casing and well.

Back 87

Acid treatment

Front 88

When preparing an acid solution always, poor the acid slowly into the water. True or false

Back 88

True

Front 89

Because of the high concentrations required ___________ to _________ of available chlorine, the process is often referred to as shock treatment with chlorine.

Back 89

100 to 200 mg/L

Front 90

__________ can be affected by the quality of the groundwater.

Back 90

Well performance

Front 91

__________ operations should not be put off until problems become serious.

Back 91

Maintenance

Front 92

Only with data on the wells _______ can problems be identified or predictions be accuratelyrics estimated.

Back 92

Performance

Front 93

__________ pumps are by far the most commonly used pump in the waterworks field because of their capabilities to deliver water in large quantities, against high as well as low heads, and with high efficiencies.

Back 93

Centrifugal

Front 94

A pump installed above a well is often called a __________ pump; this pump takes water from the well by suction lift.

Back 94

Shallow well

Front 95

A pump installed in the well with the pump bowl inlet submerged below the pumping level in the well is generally referred to as a ________ pump.

Back 95

Deep well

Front 96

Well pumps are generally classified into two basic groups.

-

-

Back 96

Positive displacement pumps

Variable displacement pumps

Front 97

_____________pumps which, deliver the same volume or flow of water against any head within their operating capacity. Typical types are piston (reciprocating) pumps, and screw or squeeze displacement (diaphragm) pumps.

Back 97

Positive displacement pumps

Front 98

____________ pumps, which deliver water with volume or flow varying inversely with the head (the greater the head, the less the volume of flow) against which they are operating. The major types are centrifugal, jet, and air-lift pumps.

Back 98

Variable displacement pumps

Front 99

Centrifugal pumps are generally classified as ______ or ______ pumps.

Back 99

Volute

Turbine

Front 100

This type of centrifugal pump has no vanes or guides. The impeller is housed in a spiral-shaped case in which the velocity of the water is reduced upon leaving the impeller, with the resultant increase in pressure.

Back 100

Volute-type pumps

Front 101

This type of centrifugal pump is the most commonly used for well pump operations. The impeller is surrounded by diffuser vanes that provide gradually enlarging passages in which the velocity of the water leaving the impeller, through the curved passages between diffuser vanes, is gradually reduced, thus transforming velocity head to pressure head.

Back 101

Turbine-type pumps

Front 102

_________pumps are ideally suited to small water system operation where soure capacities range from 25 to 1,000 gallons per minute. Maintenance is minimal, the noise level is very low, and they are suited to installactions that have limited building areas.

Back 102

Submersible pumps

Front 103

These pumps were used for years prior to development of submersible pumps. They are low in efficiency and are generally restricted to lifts of 100ft or less.

Back 103

Jet pumps

Front 104

_______ pumps function by means of a piston movement that displaces water in a cylinder. The flow s controlled by valves. They are restricted to low-capacity, high- pressure applications and are being passed out in favor of turbine-type pumps.

Back 104

Piston pumps

Front 105

________ pump uses cogs o gears, rigid vanes, and flexible vanes. When rotated, a gear-type pump squeezes the water from between the close-fitting gear teeth, moving the water from the inlet side to the outlet side of the pump.

Back 105

Rotary pumps

Front 106

Before an appropriate ____ can be selected for any installation, accurate information about required capacity, location and operating conditions, and total head is needed. With this data available, the selection of the type, class, and size of a _______ can be made.

Back 106

Pump

Front 107

Well pumps should be tested ______?

Back 107

Once every other year

Front 108

A _______ should be capable of evaluating well pumping plants and determining when it is economical justified to replace a worn pumping unit.

Back 108

Good operator

Front 109

________ reduces the starting torque of the motor and can cause overload tripping, excessive heat, vibration, and overall poor performance.

Back 109

Unbalanced current

Front 110

Current imbalance between legs should never exceed _____ percent under normal operating conditions.

Back 110

5%

Front 111

__________ procedures should be completed before new wells are put in service or existing wells are returned to service after repairs.

Back 111

Disinfection

Front 112

________ should take place following development, testing for yield, and before the test pump is removed from the well.

Back 112

Disinfection

Front 113

Add to the well a chlorine solution strong enough o produce chlorine concentration of _______ in the well casing.

Back 113

50mg/L

Front 114

Turn the pump ___________ several times so as to throughly mix the disinfectant with the water in the well.

Back 114

On and off

Front 115

When disinfecting a well, allow the well to stand without pumping for ______ after disinfectant is added.

Back 115

24hrs

Front 116

When disinfecting a well pump until the water discharged had the odo of _______.

Back 116

Chlorine

Front 117

Electricity is normally supplied as ________ at 120,240, or 480 volts.

Back 117

Alternating current

Front 118

__________ are basically controls for starting and stopping motors used with large pumps.

Back 118

Motor starters

Front 119

In _______, the power to the motor is increased slowly allowing the pump to come up to speed gradually.

Back 119

Step starters

Front 120

What are the 3 major types of pump controls?

Back 120

On/off

Proportional

Derivative ( sometimes called reset or rate )

Front 121

For most applications, the use of the simple _________ set of controls is quite acceptable, an it has its advantages of being low in cost, having few parts, and performing reliably

Back 121

On/off

Front 122

Various pump ________ sequences are associated with one or more of the following: pressure, water level, time sequences, heat protection, backspin protection, flow, and water quality.

Back 122

Start/stop

Front 123

The most frequent used pump control system is the _________ in reservoirs and storage tanks.

Back 123

Water level controller

Front 124

Approximately ______ of well pump and control problems are associated with electricity.

Back 124

75%

Front 125

The yield of any water supply depends on three factors.

Back 125

The aquifer

The well

The pump

Front 126

Many water utilities have adopted a new well specifications that define a sand-free well as one having a sand content of fewer than _______.

Back 126

5 milligrams per liter

Front 127

Numerous devices are available for collecting sand samples. Such as __________,____________, and ____________.

Back 127

Settling basins

Filtration units

Centrifugal seperators

Front 128

The centrifugal sand sampler most commonly used for evaluating new wells and monitoring existing wells is the ___________.

Back 128

Rossum sampler

Front 129

Studies have been made that suggest that permissible concentration of sand production from a well should not exceed ______ cubic foot per million gallons of water pumped.

Back 129

0.3

Front 130

Sand complaints may be isolated o only ________ residences in a block.

Back 130

One or two

Front 131

What test measures the adequacy of an aquifer or well?

A. Water quality test

B. Rpm test

C. Dissolved oxygen test

D. Specific capacity test

Back 131

Specific capacity test

Front 132

Many times, a small change in __________ will make a arge change in sand production.

Back 132

Water production

Front 133

What types of corrective action may be taken in response to consumer sand complaints?

A. Have consumers run taps for long periods

B. Flush the mains

C. Install a rapid sand filter

D. Replac the consumer's damaged fixtures

Back 133

Flush the mains

Front 134

A well that is no longer useful must be ___________.

Back 134

Abandoned and plugged

Front 135

Private wells that no longer serve any useful purpose should also be abandoned and plugged. When a home is connected to public water supply, the old well could cause _____________ problems if it is not adequately and permanently disconnected from the public water system.

Back 135

Cross-connection

Front 136

Visual inspection using downhole __________ can be very useful tools in determining the overall condition of a well.

Back 136

Television and photography

Front 137

In most case a ______ is required before a well can be abandoned or plugged.

Back 137

Permit

Front 138

In some cases, the _______ will be required to seek advice of a geologist or a well expert to determine the appropriate methods to use.

Back 138

Water purveyor

Front 139

What is the objective of abandoning and plugging wells?A. To determine the condition of the wellB. To restore the subsurface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellC. To restore the surface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellD. To preserve the well for future use

What is the objective of abandoning and plugging wells?A. To determine the condition of the wellB. To restore the subsurface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellC. To restore the surface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellD. To preserve the well for future use

What is the objective of abandoning and plugging wells?A. To determine the condition of the wellB. To restore the subsurface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellC. To restore the surface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellD. To preserve the well for future use

What is the objective of abandoning and plugging wells?A. To determine the condition of the wellB. To restore the subsurface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellC. To restore the surface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellD. To preserve the well for future use

What is the objective of abandoning and plugging wells?A. To determine the condition of the wellB. To restore the subsurface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellC. To restore the surface conditions that existed before the construction of the wellD. To preserve the well for future use

Back 139

To restore the subsurface onditions that existed before the construction of the well

Front 140

The length of time that records must be kept from a legal standpoint is generally considered to be ______.

Back 140

7 years

Front 141

When should operators add information to the operational record for a well pumping facility?

A. Every time the facility is visited

B. Every few months

C. Only during routine maintenance

D. Only during emergency repairs

Back 141

Every time the facility is visited