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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an example of abstraction?
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What is false memories?
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When people are presented with a list of words that relate to another word that isn't on the list (eg. rain) and when asked to recall the list they mention rain. |
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Briefly describe the principle of abstraction and generalisation |
- retain general/basic info -> representations isn't the exact info that was first studied (LTM stores 'gist' of info. |
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What is repetition priming?
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When an item is repeated, it is easier to remember and results in a lower response time (RT) |
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Define priming |
When exposure to one stimulus influences a response to another stimulus
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The reduction in priming: Hyperspecificity means that?
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Surface info (colour and font) is represented in memory |
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Attenuation of priming is evidence for what?
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the fact that actual perceptual surface details are represented in memory |
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Main principles of hyperspecificity
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- Memory for surface features exists - found primarily on indirect tests of memory (priming) and explicit tests (recognition involving images) - Explanations and models must accommodate hyperspecificity - Favors models that retain all aspects of each stimulus experience |
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What is the principle of encoding specificity?
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- A retrieval cue is effective if and only if it was encoded at study - Encoding specificity rejects the ideasEncoding operations of class X (e.g., deep encoding) are always better than those of class Y Retrieval cues of class X (e.g., strong associates) are always better than Y - The match between study and test matters |
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What is state-dependent memory? |
= idea that memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed |
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What factors determine hyperspecificity?
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When: - memory tasks require processing of specific cues - memory benefits from cue present at study is repeated at test (eg. repetition priming = implicit, recognition of images = explicit |
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What factors determine abstraction?
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- non-specific, direct (explicit) tests (eg. free recall) - adaption is adaptive and useful - maladaptive when let into abstraction - false memory |
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