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49 Cards in this Set
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Sir Robert Walpole
Whig
1721 - 1742 |
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Spencer Compton - 1st Earl of Wilmington
Whig
1742 - 1743
Figurehead leader under Lord Carteret - died in office. |
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Henry Pelham
Whig
1743 - 1754
Died in office. |
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Thomas Pelham-Holles - 1st Duke of Newcastle
Whig
1754 - 1756
Replaced due to poor performance in the Seven Years' War. |
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William Cavendish - 4th Duke of Devonshire
Whig
1756 - 1757
Resigned after the execution of Admiral Byng. |
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Thomas Pelham-Holles
Whig
1757 - 1762
George III's opposition led to a change of ministry. |
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John Stuart - 3rd Earl of Bute
Tory
1762 - 1763
First Scottish PM: resigned after criticism of the Treaty of Paris (1763) which involved returning territories to France and Spain after the Seven Years' War. |
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George Grenville
Whig
1763 - 1765 |
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Charles Watson-Wentworth - 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
Whig
1765 - 1766 |
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William Pitt 'The Elder' - 1st Earl of Chatham
Whig
1766 - 1768 |
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Augustus FitzRoy - 3rd Duke of Grafton
Whig
1768 - 1770 |
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Frederick North - Lord North
Tory
1770 - 1782
Resigned after a vote of no confidence. |
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Charles Watson-Wentworth - 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
Whig
1782 - 1782
Died in office. |
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William Petty - 2nd Earl of Shelburne
Whig
1782 - 1783
First Irish PM: resigned following pressure from the opposition coalition of Charles James Fox and Lord North. |
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William Cavendish-Bentinck - 3rd Duke of Portland
Whig
1783 - 1783
Titular head of a ministry truly led by Charles James Fox and Lord North. |
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William Pitt the Younger
Tory
1783 - 1801
Resigned after opposition of George III to his attempts to reduce the penalties on Roman Catholics (Catholic Emancipation). |
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Henry Addington - 1st Viscount Sidmouth
Tory 1801 - 1804 Ousted in office by Pitt the Younger. |
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William Pitt the Younger
Tory 1804 - 1806 Died in office, probably from peptic ulcaration, leaving no wife or children and £40,000 of debt paid by parliament. |
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William Wyndham Grenville - 1st Baron Grenville
Whig 1806 - 1807 Led the Ministry of All The Talents - abolished the slave trade in Britain - but the ministry broke up over the question of Catholic Emancipation. |
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William Cavendish-Bentinck - 3rd Duke of Portland
Tory (nominally Whig) 1807 - 1809 Ill during leadership of Tory ministry (despite being a Whig); died 26 days after leaving office. |
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Spencer Perceval
Tory 1809 - 1812 The only PM to have been assassinated. He was murdered by John Bellingham on his way to attend a council. Bellingham spent the years from 1803 - 1809 variously imprisoned in Russia due to a dispute over a missing ship and the insurance money. He thought the government owed him compensation and developed an obsession grievance - culminating in his assassination of the PM. |
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Robert Banks Jenkinson - 2nd Earl of Liverpool
Tory 1812 - 1827 Survived the Cato Street Conspiracy - a plot to kill all ministers. Retired after suffering a cerebral haemorrhage; he died in the succeeding year. |
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George Canning
1827 - 1827 Died after 119 days in office of natural causes - the shortest period in office for any PM. |
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Frederick John Robinson - The Viscount Goderich (also 1st Earl of Ripon)
Tory Leading a fragile coalition of moderate Tories and Whigs, he failed to hold the ministry together and resigned after 144 days in office. |
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Sir Arthur Wellesley - 1st Duke of Wellington
Tory 1828 - 1830 Fought a duel over his passing of the Catholic Emancipation Bill with the Earl of Winchilsea - neither was hurt: Wellington shot wide (a delope) and Winchilsea did not fire (and later apologised). Resigned in order not to push through electoral reforms. The collapse of his cabinet led to a non-elected switch in the Commons from Tory to Whig Premier. |
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Charles Grey - 2nd Earl Grey (or Viscount Howick)
Whig 1830 - 1834 Formed a government after the fall of the previous Wellington one. Pushed for electoral reform which passed the Commons but was defeated in the Lords. An election followed in the tumultuous year of 1831 (e.g. the Swing Riots). The Whigs won this election and successfully pushed through The Reform Act 1832 (Great Reform Act) which eliminated rotten burroughs and increased suffrage. Grey won the subsequent election under the reformed parliament. Presided over the abolition of slavery in the empire and the restriction of employment of children. Resigned in July 1834 to pursue a more private life. |
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William Lamb - 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Lord Melbourne)
Whig 1834 - 1834 Appointed by King William IV as no Tory could create a government. Dismissed November 1834 due to the King's dissatisfaction with the Whig's reforming ways, leading to a brief Tory government. |
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Arthur Wellesley - 1st Duke of Wellington
Tory 1834 - 1834 After the dissolution of government by William IV, Wellesley was invited to form a government - he refused but led a caretaker government until Lord Melbourne's successor, Robert Peel, returned from Italy to form a government. |
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Sir Robert Peel
Conservative 1834 - 1835 Elected after Tamworth Manifesto laid out the tenets of modern conservativism; resigned unable to attain a majority in parliament (unsurprising as the former Tories were only in power on the Whig ticket due to the intervention of William IV). |
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William Lamb - 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Lord Melbourne)
Whig 1835 - 1841 Won re-election in 1835 after his previous dismissal in 1834. Resigned in 1839, precipitating the Bedchamber Crisis. In this, Queen Victoria attempted to form a government led by Sir Robert Peel who only agreed on the condition Queen Victoria dismiss her ladies of the bedchamber, many of whom were Whig politicians wives or daughters. She refused and Melbourne was persuaded to remain as PM, a post he considered a "damned bore". |
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Sir Robert Peel
Conservative 1841 - 1846 Orchestrated the repeal of The Corn Laws - trade tariffs on many goods - following the potato famine of 1845-1846 severely crimped the food supply. An opponent of Catholic Emancipation, he resigned after his Irish Coercion bill - gifting additional powers of arrest to police in Ireland - failed to be pass parliament. |
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John Russell - Lord Russell
Whig 1846 - 1852 According to A.J.P. Taylor, he was too interested in abstract liberal principles than in creating a functioning civil society. He was instrumental in the reform act of 1832. His Foreign Secretary, Palmerston, was dismissed due to the Don Pacifico affair. This hinged on the seizing of Greek assets in the Aegean due to the alleged losses of a Gibraltar born citizen, Don Pacifico. Two years later, having been dismissed by Russell, he led an effective vote of no confidence against Russell and won, ending his Ministry. |
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Edward Smith-Stanley - 14th Earl of Derby
Conservative 1852 - 1852 Government collapsed after budget failed to pass Parliament. Furthermore it was stuffed with political newcomers (since most conservatives followed Peel) - so much so that when the lists were being read out, Wellington kept asking "who?" - hence the moniker for this government of the Who? Who? Ministry. |
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George Hamilton-Gordon - 4th Earl of Aberdeen
Peelite 1852 - 1855 Led a Whig-Peelite coalition after the fall of the Smith-Stanley government. Reluctantly led Britain into the Crimean war in 1853. Aberdeen resigned after a vote for an enquiry into the conduct of the war passed with a thumping majority. |
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Henry John Temple - 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Lord Palmerston)
Whig 1855 - 1858 Ended the Crimean War and entered the Second Opium War. Resigned after failing to pass a bill regarding the prosectution of individuals involved in plotting overseas murders (due to an assassination attempt on the French Emperor, planned in Britain, named after the conspirator the Orsini Affair). |
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Edward Smith-Stanley - 14th Earl of Derby
Conservative 1858 - 1859 Another Derby led government that collapsed due to its minority position, this Ministry featured, as in the previous Derby Ministry, Disraeli as Chancellor of the Exchequer. The major event was the ending of the East India Company after the Sepoy Mutiny (1857) which brought India under the control of the British flat for the first time. |
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Henry John Temple - 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Lord Palmerston)
Liberal 1859 - 1865 An election followed the collapse of the previous government, which the Whigs won. Lord Granville was invited to form a government but could not. Palmerston was then invited and formed one with Russell and Gladstone serving under him. Having formed the Liberal party in his time in opposition, this represented the first Liberal government. He died two days before his 81st birthday (the oldest prime minister at the beginning of his term). |
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John Russell - Lord Russell Liberal Took office after the death of Lord Palmerston. A short period in which his attempts to expand the franchise with further reform bills failed. The government broke due to internal division. Lord Russell held this position from the House of Lords, the only PM to be PM as both an MP and a Lord. |
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Edward Smith-Stanley - 14th Earl of Derby Conservative 1866 - 1868 One of only four people to have been Prime Minister three times. All his terms were short and the total is only a little over three years. Derby successfully introduced a reform act (1867), spearheaded by Disraeli, who succeeded Derby upon his retirement. |
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Benjamin Disraeli Conservative 1868 - 1868 Only Jewish PM: dissolved the government as the Conservatives did not have a majority. He subsequently lost the following election and led the Conservatives in opposition during the following Liberal premiership. |
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William Ewart Gladstone Liberal 1868 - 1874 |
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Benjamin Disraeli Conservative 1874 - 1880 |
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William Ewart Gladstone Liberal 1880 - 1885 |
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Robert Gascoyne-Cecil - 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Conservative 1885 - 1886 |
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William Ewart Gladstone Liberal 1886 - 1886 |
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Robert Gascoyne-Cecil - 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Conservative 1886 - 1892 |
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William Ewart Gladstone Liberal 1892 - 1894 |
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Archibold Primrose - 5th Earl of Rosebery Liberal 1894 - 1895 |
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Robert Gascoyne-Cecil - 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Conservative 1895 - 1902 |
