Priciples Of Management

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Administrative principles approach

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A subfield of the classical perspective that focuses on the total organization rather than the individual worker and delineates the management functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.

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Behavioral sciences approach

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Draws from psychology, sociology, and other social sciences to develop theories about human behavior and interaction in an organizational setting

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Bureaucratic organizations approach

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Takes a rational, scientific approach to management and seeks to turn organizations into efficient operating machines

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Classical perspective

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Tells managers that what works in one organizational situation might not work in others

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Contingency view

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Systems that use information technology to keep in close touch with customers, collect and manage large amounts of customer data, and provide superior customer value.

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Customer relationship management (CRM)

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Affects the availability, production, and distribution of a society’s resources

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Economic force

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A series of research efforts that was important in shaping ideas concerning how managers should treat workers.

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Hawthorne studies

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Stresses the satisfaction of employees’ basic needs as the key to increased productivity

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Human relations movement

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Suggests that jobs should be designed to meet people’s higher-level needs by allowing employees to use their full potential.

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Human resources perspective

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Emphasizes understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace

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Humanistic perspective

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The hardware, software, telecommunications, database management, and other technologies used to store, process, and distribute information

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Intranet

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The process of systematically gather knowledge, making it widely available throughout the organization, and fostering a culture of learning.

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Knowledge management

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Uses mathematics, statistical techniques, and computer technology to facilitate management ­decision making, particularly for complex problems. Also called the quantitative perspective

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Management science

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The field of management that uses various tools and techniques to ensure that goods and services are produced efficiently and delivered successfully to customers or clients

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Operations management

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Relates to the influence of political and legal institutions on people and organizations.

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Political force

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Refers to financial managers and others who make decisions based primarily on complex quantitative analysis.

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Quants

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A subfield of the classical perspective that emphasizes scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity

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Scientific management

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Aspects of a society that guide and influence relationships among people, such as their values, needs, and standards of behavior.

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Social forces

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Include online community pages, social media sites, microblogging platforms, and company online forums that enable managers to interact electronically with employees, customers, partners, and other stakeholders.

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Social media programs

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Parts of a system that depend on one another for their functioning

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Subsystems

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Managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

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Supply chain management

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A concept that says that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

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Synergy

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A set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose.

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System

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Looking not just at discrete parts of an organizational situation, but also at the continually changing interactions among the parts.

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Systems thinking

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Focuses on managing the total organization to deliver quality to customers.

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Total quality management (TQM)

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Emphasizes management on an impersonal, rational basis through elements such as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal recordkeeping, and separation of management and ownership.