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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acids
(From strongest to weakest) |
Perchloric acid HClO4
Hydroiodic acid HI Hydrobromic acid HBr Hydrochloric acid HCl Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Nitric acid HNO3 Hydronium ion H3O+ |
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Bases
(From strongest to weakest) |
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) Cesium hydroxide (CsOH) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) Rubidium hydroxide (RbOH) |
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Arrhenius acids and bases are:
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acid—a substance that increases the concentration of protons (H+) in water
base—a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in water (OH-) These definitions are limited to aqueous solutions. |
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Brønsted and Lowry acids and bases as:
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acid—a substance that donates a proton to another substance
base—a substance that accepts a proton These definitions can also apply to reactions that are not aqueous, so they are more accurate. |
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Lewis acids and bases are:
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acid—a substance that accepts an electron pair
base—a substance that donates an electron pair |
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hydronium
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(H3O+)—H+ riding “piggyback” on a water molecule; water is polar, and the positive charge of the naked proton is greatly attracted to one of the negative electron pairs on adjacent oxygen
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monoprotic
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describes acids that can donate one H+
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diprotic
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describes acids that can donate two H+ ions
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polyprotic
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describes acids that can donate more than one H+ ion
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amphiprotic
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describes a substance that can act as either an acid or a base. This means it can either lose a proton or gain one. Water is amphiprotic: it can form either a hydroxide ion or a hydronium ion. Other examples of amphiprotic substances are , ,
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What kind of salt forms from a strong acid and weak base?
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an acidic salt
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What kind of salt forms from a strong acid and strong base?
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a neutral salt
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What kind of salt forms from a weak acid and strong base?
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a basic salt
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