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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are baby turkeys called?
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poults
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what is a young female chicken?
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pullet
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What are two types of incubators?
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Setters and hatchers
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What do you vaccinate for while bird is in egg?
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Mareks disease
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What do you vaccinate for by spraying chicks?
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Newcastle's and infectious bronchitis
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What are blobs on turkey neck called?
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Caruncles
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What is duck preening gland?
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Uropygial
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What are bones in wings?
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Humerus, carpometacarpus, phalanges
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What are bones in legs?
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Femur, tibiotarsus, tarsusmetatarsus, phalanges
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What organ is just caudal to the liver?
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Gizzard
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Which stomach is the glandular one?
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proventriculus
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what is hard white lining of ventriculus called?
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coilin
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What is order of uterus parts?
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Infundibulum to magnum to isthmus to shell gland to vagina
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What are part of brain that stick out in bird brain?
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Rostral caliculi, optic tectum
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What is infectious bronchitis?
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CORONA VIRUS
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What are major signs of infectious bronchitis?
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Misshapen eggs. Respiratory signs. Pale kidneys
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What birds are effected by infectious bronchitis?
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CHICKENS!
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What causes infectious laryngotracheitis and amazon tracheitis?
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HERPES VIRUS
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What are major signs of infectious laryngotracheitis and amazon tracheitis?
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Coughing up blood. Conjunctivitis.
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Do you vaccinate when there is an outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis?
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Yes bc it travels slowly through a flock
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What causes hemorrhagic or diptheritic tracheitis?
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herpes virus
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If you see large cells with multiple nuclei, full of eosinophilic material on histopath, what does it mean?
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Herpes viral inclusion bodies
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What causes infectious sinusitis in turkeys?
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mycoplasma gallisepticum
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What causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens?
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mycoplasma gallisepticum
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Which birds get MG worse?
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Turkeys! Don't mix with chickens!
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How is MG transmitted?
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Aerosols and transovarian (can dip egg in chlorhexidine to help stop transmission)
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What causes turkey coryza?
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bordetella avium
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What do you have to grow on chocolate agar?
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avibacterium and haemophilus
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What causes infectious coryza?
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avibacterium paragallinarium
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What birds are effected by infectious coryza?
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chickens, pheasants and guinea hens
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WHat are signs of infectious coryza?
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sinusitis, oculonasal discharge, rhinitis, conjunctivitis
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What causes fowl cholera?
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pasteurella multocida
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What are signs of fowl cholera?
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unexpected death, swollen wattles (caseous), swollen sinuses, joints, foot pads.
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What will be internal signs of fowl cholera?
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petechia, corn meal liver, fibrinous pleuropneumonia in turkeys. Air sacculitis, pericarditis, cloudy joint fluid
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What look just like fowl cholera in turkeys?
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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
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What is new duck disease?
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Riemerella anatipestifer
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What are signs of new duck disease?
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Fast death. Diarrhea, ataxia, head tremors.
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What are internal signs of reimerella?
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fibrinous polyserositis.
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What are signs of orthomyxovirus? (high path)
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facial edema, swollen, cyanotic comb and wattles. DIC- bleeding from vent
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What are internal signs of orthomyxovirus?
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Petechia in trachea, petechia on bumps in proventriculus.
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What is newcastles?
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paramyxovirus
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What are the 3 forms of newcastles?
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lentogenic, mesogenic, velogenic
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What are 2 forms of velogenic newcastles?
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viscerotropic or neurotropic
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What is exotic newcastles?
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viscerotropic
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What are signs of exotic newcastles?
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respiratory signs, facial edema, GI hemorrhage, CNS signs
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WHat are internal signs of newcastles?
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hemorrhage throughout GI, petechia in esophagus, on gland bumps in proventriculus
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What do you use to make vaccines for newcastles?
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lentogenic strains
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What is zoonotic form of newcastles?
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conjunctivitis
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Which bodies are infectious part of chlamydophilosis?
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elementary bodies
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What is parrot fever?
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ornithosis
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What are signs of chlamydophilosis?
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biliverdinuria, conjunctivits, keratitis in cockatiels
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What are internal signs of chlamydophilosis?
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hepatosplenomegaly.
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Do you culture for chlamydophilosis?
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No, intracellular organism
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What is the zoonotic form of chlamydophilosis?
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upper respiratory disease,. pneumonia
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What is brooder pneumonia?
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Aspergillosis
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What does aspergillus cause in baby turkeys?
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neuro signs
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What can lungs look like with aspergillosis?
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tuberculosis
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What are transport hosts of gape worms?
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earthworms, snails, slugs, insects
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What do gapeworm eggs look like?
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oval, double operculated
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Name 3 upper respiratory pathogens
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mycoplasma, bordetella, avibacterium
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Name four lower respiratory pathogens
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pasteurella, ornithobacterium, reimerella, chlamydophila
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what cause asymmetrical lung fibrinonecrosis?
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pasteurella and ornithobacterium
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where do acervelina go?
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duodenum
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where do praecox go?
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duodenum
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where do maxima go?
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jejunum, ileum
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what does necatrix cause?
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severe, deadly hemorrhage in jejunum, ileum
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what does tenella cause?
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hemorrhage and cecal cores
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what does brunetti cause?
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some hemorrhage of colon
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what are coccidiostats?
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sulfanamides, ionophores, amprolium
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What does hexamita look like?
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6 flagella
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What birds get hexamita?
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turkeys, gamebirds, ducks, pigeons (chickens are resistant)
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Where do hexamita live?
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intestinal crypts
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What are signs of ascarids?
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enteritis, hemorrhage, milk spots on liver
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What two eggs are identical?
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heterakis and ascaridia. No opercula
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What do you use to treat ascarids?
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piperazine, fenbendazole, levamasole, pyrantel
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What does heterakis carry?
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histomonas melleagris- "Black head"
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What are transport hosts of heterakis?
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earthworms
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What are signs of heterakis infection?
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thickening of cecal mucosa/petechial hemorrhages
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What are intermediate hosts of tapeworms?
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snails, slugs, insects
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What can the scolices of tapeworms cause?
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caseous granulomas in intestinal mucosa
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What can you use to treat giardia?
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nothing is approved. Metronidazole works for pets.
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What does giardia cause in cockatiels?
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Feather picking
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Where do ascarids live?
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Small intestine
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What eggs look the same?
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Ascarids and heterakis
Gapeworms and capillaria (cropworms) |
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What causes blackhead?
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histomonas melegridis
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Where do tapeworms stay?
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small intestine
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What do you use to treat tapeworms?
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dilbutylin praziquantel
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In which birds is corona a GI disease?
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turkeys
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What is blue comb in turkeys?
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transmissible enteritis
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What causes blue comb in turkeys?
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corona virus
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What are the signs of transmissible enteritis?
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frothy diarrhea, darkening of head and skin, whitish, chalky pancreas
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what causes hemorrhagic enteritis?
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adenovirus
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What birds are effected by hemorrhagic enteritis?
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4-12 week old turkeys
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how is h.e. spread?
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orofecal
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What lesion is present in subclinical hemorrhagic gastroenteritis?
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enlarged, mottled spleen
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Why is hemorrhagic enteritis so bloody?
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coagulation factors are lost
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What does herpes virus cause in ducks?
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duck virus enteritis
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what is another name for duck virus enteritis?
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duck plague
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What are signs of duck plague?
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sudden death. Watery diarrhea, ataxia, photophobia. Looks loke fowl plague which is asymptomatic in ducks
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What are the lsions in duck plague?
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vascular damage causes paintbrush hemorrhages on epicardium, petechia on viscera. Ulcerative lesions, multiorgan necrosis
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What causes necrotic enteritis?
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clostridium perfringens
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What causes ulcerative enteritis?
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clostridium colinum
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What birds are effected by clostridium perfringens?
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2-5 week old broilers
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What are signs of clostridium perfringens/necrotic enteritis?
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diarrhea and sudden death
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What are lesions of necrotic enteritis?
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fibrinonecrotic membranes on intestinal mucosa, nasty green stuff all over intestines
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What is quail disease?
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clostridium colinum aka ulcerative enteritis
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what birds get quail disease?
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young quail, chickens, turkeys, upland game birds
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What signs are there of quail disease?
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watery white diarrhea, high mortality, hemorrhagic enteritis
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What are quail disease lesions?
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button ulcers that coalesce to diptheritic membranes
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What causes typhoid?
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Salmonella enterica enterica serovar gallinarum
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What causes arizoonosis?
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Salmonella enterica arizonae
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What does salmonella enterica enterica serovar pullorum cause?
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pullorum disease (bacillary white diarrhea)
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WHat are signs of pullorum disease?
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dying soon after hatching. respiratory signs, panopthalmitis, swollen joints
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what are lesions of pullorum disease?
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multifocal hepatic necrosis, hepatosplenomegaly, caseous cecal cores, misshapen ovarian follicles
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What is the difference btwn pullorum disease and fowl typhoid?
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typhoid effects older birds, also get pale, shrunken combs and wattles and BRONZED livers
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What causes paratyphoid?
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motile salmonella (typhimurium, enteritidis, newport, derby)
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What ages of birds are effected by paratyphoid?
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young birds
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Does salmonella pass through shell?
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YES
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What are lesions of paratyphoid?
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caseous cecal cores, omphalitis, septicemia. Get white nodules on intestines
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What is s. typhimurium dt 104 resistant to?
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ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines
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WHich animals are most susceptible to salmonella enterica arizonae?
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young turkeys
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What are lesions of e coli?
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fiibrinous polyserositis
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What age birds are effected by TB?
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semi-mature to mature.
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Where are nodules in bird TB?
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intestine, liver, spleen. NOT RESPIRATORY
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How do you test for TB?
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Test skin- wattle in chickens, wing web in turkeys (do PCR, culture)
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What causes proventricular dilatation syndrome?
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bornavirus
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WHat birds are effected by megabacterium?
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juvenile ostriches. High mortality
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What lesions are caused by megabacterium?
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thickening of proventriculus. Thickened junction of proventriculus and ventriculus
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WHAT ARE PROVENTRICULAR WORMS CALLED?
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tetrameres (have rectangular eggs)
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WHAT ARE SIGNS OF BLACK HEAD
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sulfur colored poop. Cyanosis of head and caruncle.
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What birds are worst effected by blackhead
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Turkeys, pheasants and peacocks- don't mix with chickens!
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What are lesions of black head?
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BULLS-EYE lesions in liver. Thich friable cecal walls. Caseous cecal cores
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What causes pachecos?
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herpes virus
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What are signs of vitamin A deficiency?
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lacrimation or dry eye. raised white pustule spots on mouth/throat, blunted choanal papilli, BLOOD IN EGGS
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WHat are lesions with vitamin A deficinecy?
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sqamous metaplasia of pharyngeal submucosal glands and mucosa
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