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74 Cards in this Set
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Politics |
The way we decide who gets power and influence in a world where there is not enough power for all of us to have as much as we like |
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Rule |
Political directives that help to determine who will win or lose future power struggles |
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Political narrative |
A story that is used to persuade others about the nature of power, who should have it, and how it should be used |
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Authority |
Power that people consider legitimate, that they have consented or agreed to |
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Government |
A system or an organization for exercising authority over a body of people |
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Authoritarian governments |
Political systems in which the rulers have all of the power and the rules don't allow the open who live under them to have any power at all |
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Subjects |
People who are bound to the will like the rulers and who have no power of their own to push back on an abusive government |
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Non-authoritarian government |
Political systems in which the rules regulate people's behaviors in some respects but allow them considerable freedom in others |
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Citizens |
Individuals who live under non-authoritarian governments |
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Democracy |
A type of non-authoritarian government wherein citizens have considerable power to make the rules that govern them |
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Popular sovereignty |
The concept that the citizens are the ultimate source of political power |
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Anarchy |
No government at all, a system in which individuals are free to do as they wish |
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Economics |
the process for deciding who gets the material resources and how they get them |
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Socialism |
An economic system in which the government (a single ruler, a party, or some other empowered group) decides what to produce and who should get the products |
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Regulated capitalism |
A market system in which the government intervenes to protect rights |
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Capitalism |
An economic system that relies on the market to make decisions about who should have material goods |
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Market |
The collective decisions of multiple individuals about what to buy or sell, creating different levels of demand and supply |
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Laissez-faire capitalism |
A form of capitalism wherein there are no restrictions on the market at all |
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Capitalist democracy |
A political-economic system that grants the most individual control over both political and economic life |
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Totalitarianism |
A system that combines authoritarian government with a socialist economic system wherein the government makes all the decisions about power, influence, and money |
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Authoritarian capitalism |
A system in which the authoritarian government had strong control over how individuals may live their lives, but individuals do have some market freedom |
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Political culture |
A set of shared ideas, values, and beliefs that define the role and limitations of gov and people's relationship to that gov and that, therefore, bond people into a single political until |
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Limited gov |
The enlightenment idea that the power of the gov should be restricted to all for maximum individual freedom |
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Freedom |
In American political culture, individual Independence from gov |
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Individualism |
A political cultural emphasis on individuals rights rather than on the collective whole |
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Equality |
In American political culture, forms of political fairness that require minimal gov intervention |
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Ideologies |
Competing narratives that explain various political disagreements |
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Conservatives |
Americans on the political right who believe in less regulation of the economy |
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Liberals |
Americans on the political left who believe in greater government regulation of the economy |
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Economic conservatives |
Americans who favor a strictly procedural gov role in the economy and social order |
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Libertarians |
Americans who favor a minimal gov role in any sphere |
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Economic liberals |
Americans who favor an expanded gov role in the economy but a limited role in the social order |
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Progressives |
Economic liberals who believe in a stronger the for the state in creating equality |
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Social conservatives |
Americans who endorse limited gov control of the economy but considerable gov intervention to realize a traditional social order; based on religious values and hierarchy rather than equality |
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Social liberals |
Americans that favor greater control of the economy and the social order to bring about greatw equality and to regulate the effects of progress |
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Media |
Channels of communication |
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Classical liberalism |
An enlightenment philosophy emphasizing individual freedom and self rule |
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Social contract |
The idea that power is not derived from God but instead comes from and is limited by the consent of the governed, who can revolt against the gov they contract with if their rights are not protected if the contract is not kept |
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Digital native |
People who have been born in an era in which not only are most people hooked up to electronic media, but they also live their lives partly in cyberspace as well as in real space |
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Norms |
Unspoken, unwritten ideas that support the U.S. constitution and give structure to democratic gov |
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Mercantilism |
An economic system that sees trade as the basis of the accumulation of wealth |
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Divine right of kings |
The political culture that understood power to be vested in the king because he was God's representative on earth |
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Social contract |
the idea that power is not derived from God but instead comes from and is limited by the consent of the governed, who can revolt against the gov they contract with if their rights are not protected if the contract is not kept |
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John locke |
British philosopher who introduced the idea that the social contract was conditional on the govs protection of rights and could be revoked it the govs failed to protect those rights |
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Declaration of Independence |
The political document that dissolved the colonial ties between the United States and britian |
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Inalienable rights |
Rights that we are born with, that cannot be taken away from us, and that we cannot sell |
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Republican virtue |
The idea that citizens would act in the public interest w/out coercion by a strong gov |
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Compromise |
The act of giving up something you want in order to get something else you want more, an exercise in determining the trading off priorities |
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Articles of confederation |
The first constitution of the US, adopted in 1777, creating an association of stayed with weal central gov |
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Confederation |
A form of gov in which all the power lies with the local units, in the American case, that's the states |
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Constitutional convention |
the assembly of fifty-five delegates in the summer of 1787 to recast the articles of confederation the result was the US Constitution |
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Federalists |
Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong central government |
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Anti Federalists |
Advocates of states rights who opposed the consitution |
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Virginia plan |
A proposal at the Constitutional convention that Congressional representation be based on population, thus favoring large states |
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Bicameral legislator |
A lawmaking body with two chambers |
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New Jersey plan |
A proposal at the Constitutional convention that Congressional representation be equal, this favoring small states |
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Great compromise |
The Constitutional solution to Congressional representation equal votes in the Senate, votes by population in the house |
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Three fifths compromise |
The formula for counting five slives as three people for purposed of representation reconciled northern and southern factions at the Constitutional convention |
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Ratification |
The process through which a proposal is formally approved and adopted by vote, ex constitution |
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Federalist papers |
A collection of eighty five newspaper editorials written in support of the Constitution under the pseudonym Publius, who's real identity was three Federalists, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John jay |
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Factions |
Groups of citizens United by some common passion or interest and opposed to the rights of other citizens or to the interests of the whole community |
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Supremacy clause |
A constitutional clause that says the Constitution itself and national laws made under it are the law of the land |
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10th amendment |
Stipulates that any powers not explicitly give to the national government are reserved for states |
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Necessary and proper clause |
The Constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out it's powers |
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Enumerated powers |
Congressional powers specifically named in the Constitution |
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Concurrent powers |
that are shared by the federal and state governments |
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Presidential system |
Gov in which the executive is chosen independently of the legislature and the two branches are separate |
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Parliamentary system |
Gov in which the executive is chosen by the legislature from among its members and the two branches are merged |
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Legislative branch |
The lawmaking component of the federal gov |
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Executive branch |
The law-enforcing component of the federal gov |
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Judicial branch |
The law interpreting component of the federal government |
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Separation of powers |
The division of gov into branches |
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Checks and balances |
The idea that each branch has just enough power over the others that their jealousy will guard against the overreach of others |
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James Madison |
One of the founders whose key insight was to dragon a system that takes human nature as it is, not as you want it to bed |
