Pols 2311 Final Chapter 10

Front 1

Historically, Americans were raised to think of the federal courts as what?

Back 1

Interpreters of the law and not legislative

Front 2

The judiciary was called the "least dangerours branch" by whom?

Back 2

Alexander Hamilton

Front 3

In the federal court system, courts lower than the Supreme Court are established by what?

Back 3

congress

Front 4

Judicial review was established for the national governement in what?

Back 4

Article III

Front 5

Judicial review was established for the state governement in what?

Back 5

Article III

Front 6

The term for Supreme Court and federal judges is for how long?

Back 6

for life, until they die or resign

Front 7

Among the checks on the powers of the Court are:

Back 7

Alter the Court's jurisdiction, proprose amendments, and can impeach and remove federal judges

Front 8

The Judiciary Act of 1789

Back 8

Established the basic three-tierred structure of the federal court system

Front 9

In 1789, there were justices sitting on the Supreme Court.

Back 9

6

Front 10

In the case of , the Supreme Court ruled that it had the right to hear suits brought by the citizens of one state against another under Article III, Section 2.

Back 10

Chisholm v. Georgia

Front 11

The Eleventh Amendment was passed in what year?

Back 11

1798

Front 12

John Marshall transformed the Court into a Coequal branch of government through key decisions such as McCulloch v. Marlyland that

Back 12

Established the supremacy of the federal government and congress over the states thru the necessary and proper clause, supreme court final word on the constitution (can over rule state courts)

Front 13

The jurisdiction of courts to hear disputes as a trial court is termed

Back 13

Original Jurisdiction

Front 14

The jurisdiction of federal courts is controlled by whom?

Back 14

U.S. Constitution and by statute

Front 15

Appellate courts usually

Back 15

Reviewed only findings of law made by lower courts

Front 16

In a civil case, the party who brings a case against the defendant is referred to whom as the what?

Back 16

Plantiff(petitioner)

Front 17

There are federal district courts.

Back 17

94

Front 18

The U.S. Attorney is the judicial district's what?

Back 18

Chief law enforcement officer

Front 19

The second most powerful court in the U.S. is the .

Back 19

D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals

Front 20

A document containing the collected legal arguements in a case that is filed with a court pritor to trial is called a(n) .

Back 20

Brief

Front 21

In court rulings, a reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions on new cases is called .

Back 21

Stare decisis

Front 22

Since 1869, The Supreme Court has consisted of how many justices?

Back 22

9

Front 23

The Supreme Court has a staff of

Back 23

400 staff members

Front 24

The justices of the Supreme Court are

Back 24

Nominated by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate

Front 25

In general, a nominee for the Supreme Court must fit certain criteria including

Back 25

Competence, Ideology or policy preferences, rewards, pursuit of political support, religion, and race and gender

Front 26

The Supreme Court has had ________ African American members in its history.

Back 26

2

Front 27

The Supreme Court has had ________ female members in its history.

Back 27

2

Front 28

Nearly ________ cases a year are filed with the Supreme Court.

Back 28

1000

Front 29

During the 2003-2004 term, the Supreme Court handed down signed opinions in ________ cases.

Back 29

9000

Front 30

Since 1988, nearly all appellate cases that have arrived at the Court have been through

Back 30

Writ of certiorari

Front 31

The Supreme Court will hear a case if ________ justices vote to do so.

Back 31

4

Front 32

In 2005, the Supreme Court employed ________ clerks.

Back 32

34

Front 33

The appellate cases the Supreme Court chooses to hear tend to have certain characteristics including

Back 33

Fed. gov. asked for review, case involves conflict among circuit courts, case presents a civil rights or liberties question, case involves ideological or policy preferences of justices, or the case has significant social or policital interest

Front 34

The member of the Justice Department who handles all appeals in the Supreme Court is the

Back 34

Solicitor general

Front 35

 Interest groups often join in court cases through the use of ________ in order to advance their policy preferences through the court system.

Back 35

Amicus brief

Front 36

During conference, Supreme Court justices speak in order by

Back 36

In order of his or her seniority of the court

Front 37

The idea that judges should use their power broadly to further justice is called

Back 37

Judicial activism

Front 38

The idea that judges should avoid making policy from the bench is called

Back 38

Judicial restraint

Front 39

Judicial decisions are translated into actual public policy through

Back 39

Judicial implementation

Front 40

Judicial decisions are most likely to be smoothly implemented if

Back 40

members must show an understanding of the decision, they must follow court policy, and they must be aware of the rights that a decision grants or denies them

Front 41

The Supreme Court ruled in ________ that every person should have an equally weighted vote in electing government officials.

Back 41

Reynolds v. Sims