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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Political Party
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A group of office holders, candidates, activists, and voters who identify with a group label and seek to elect to public office individuals who run under that label.
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Governmental Party
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The office holders and candidates who run under a political party's banner
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Organizational Party
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The workers and activists who staff the party's formal organization
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Party in the Electorate
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The voters who consider themselves allied or associated with the party
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Machine
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A party organization that recruits its members with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity
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Direct Primary
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The selection of party candidates through the ballots of qualified voters rather than at party nomination conventions
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Civil Service Laws
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These acts removed the staffing of the bureaucracy from political parties and created a professional bureaucracy filled through competition
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Issue-Oriented Politics
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Politics that focuses on specific issues rather than on party, candidate, or other loyalties
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Ticket-Split
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To vote for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election
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Coalition
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A group of interests or organizations that join forces for the purpose of electing public officials
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National Party Platform
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A statement of the general and specific philosophy and policy goals of a political party, usually promulgated at the national convention
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National Convention
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A party conclave (meeting) held in the presidential election year for the purposes of nominating a presidential and vice presidential ticket and adopting a platform
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Think Tank
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Institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas
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Party Identification
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A citizen's personal affinity for a political party, usually expressed by his or her tendency to vote for the candidates of that party
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Third-Partyism
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The tendency of third parties to arise with some regularity in a nominally two-party system
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Proportional Representation
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A voting system that apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by particular political party
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Public Opinion
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What the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time
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Public Opinion Polls
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Interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population
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Straw Polls
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Unscientific surveys used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies
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Political Socialization
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The process through which an individual acquires particular political orientations; the learning process by which people acquire their political beliefs and values
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Political Ideology
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The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals
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Random Sampling
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A method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected
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Stratified Sampling
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A variation of random sampling; census data are sued to divide the country into four sampling regions. Sets of counties and standard metropolitan statistical areas are then randomly selected in proportion to the total national population
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Push Polls
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Polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against that candidate
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Tracking Polls
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Continuous surveys that enable a campaign to chart its daily rise or fall in support
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Exit Polls
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Polls conducted at selected polling places on Election Day
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Sampling Error or Margin Error
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A measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll
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Yellow Journalism
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A form of newspaper publishing in vogue in the late-nineteenth century that featured pictures, comics, color, and sensationalized, oversimplified news coverage
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Muckraking
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A form of journalism, in vogue in the early twentieth century, concerned with reforming government and business conduct
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Print Press
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The traditional form of mass media, comprising newspapers, magazines, and journals
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Electronic Media
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The broadcast and cable media, including television, radio, and the Internet
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Network
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An association of broadcast stations (radio or television) that share programming through a financial arrangement
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Affiliates
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Local television stations that carry the programming of a national network
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Wire Service
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An electronic delivery of news gathered by the news service's correspondents and sent to all member news media organizations
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Press Release
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A document offering an official comment or position
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Press Briefing
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A relatively restricted session between a press secretary or aide and the press
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Press Conference
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An unrestricted session between an elected official and the press
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On Background
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Information provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to any source
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Off the Record
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Information provided to a journalist that will not be released to the public
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On the Record
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Information provided to a journalist that can be released and attributed by name to the source
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New York Times Co. V. Sullivan (1964)
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The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure
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Media Effects
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The influence of news sources on public opinion
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Content Regulation
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Government attempts to regulate the electronic media
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Equal Time Rule
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The rule that requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if they choose to sell it to any
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Fairness Doctrine
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Rule in effect from 1949 to 1985 requiring broadcasters to cover events adequately and to present contrasting views on important public issues
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