Poli Sci 270 Test #2

Front 1

Micronationalism

Back 1

The tendency partially evident in the current political system for individuals to give their primary political loyalty to seemingly ever smaller ethnonational groups and to seek territory over which the group can exercise sovereignty. Micronationalism involves the fragmentation of political identities.

Front 2

Transnationalism

Back 2

Extension beyond the borders of a single country; applies to a political movement, issue, organization, or other phenomena.

Front 3

Transnational political identity

Back 3

A focus of political identification that an individual has and uses to define his or her views and loyalties, which transcends the traditional boundaries of the nation and territorial state and causes the individual to define themselves politically in reference to a larger, no territorial unit, such as a religion.

Front 4

Communitarianism

Back 4

The concept that the welfare of the collective must be valued over any individual rights or liberties.

Front 5

Industrial Revolution

Back 5

The development of mechanical and industrial production of goods that began in Great Britain in the mid-1700s and then spread through Europe and North America.

Front 6

Macrolevel Theocracy

Back 6

At the broadest possible level. For example, system-level analysis is macrolevel analysis, while human level analysis is microlevel analysis.

Front 7

Authoritarianism

Back 7

A type of restrictive governmental system where people are under the rule of an individual, such as a director or king, or a group, such as a party or military junta.

Front 8

Procedural Democracy

Back 8

A form of democracy that is defined by whether or not particular procedures are followed, such as free and fair elections or following a set of laws or a constitution.

Front 9

Substantive Democracy

Back 9

A form of democracy that is defined by whether qualities of democracy, such as equality, justice, or self-rule, are evident.

Front 10

Diplomatic Recognition

Back 10

Having a political entity declares its independence and form statehood, while other countries diplomatically recognize it.

Front 11

States

Back 11

A political actor that has sovereignty and a number of characteristics, including territory, population, organization, government, and recognition.

Front 12

State Sovereignty

Back 12

Political independence in a state from any higher authority and theoretical equality.

Front 13

Monarchism

Back 13

A political system that is organized, governed, and defined by the idea of the divine right of kings, or the notion that because a person is born into royalty, he or she is meant to rule.

Front 14

National Interest

Back 14

Reflecting the interest and relative power of competing groups inside the state.

Front 15

Functionalism

Back 15

International cooperation in specific areas such as communications, trade, travel, health, or environmental protection activity. Often symbolized by the specialized agencies, such as the World Health Organization, associated with the United Nations.

Front 16

Neofunctionalism

Back 16

The top-down approach to solving world problems.

Front 17

Regime (international organization)

Back 17

International entities, or sets of principles, rules, norms, and decision-making procedures agreed to by a group of states to guide their behavior in particular issue areas.

Front 18

Supranational Organizations

Back 18

An organization that is founded and operates, at least in part, on the idea that international organizations can or should have authority higher than individual states and that those states should be subordinate to the supranational organization.

Front 19

League of Nations

Back 19

The first, true general international organization. It existed between the end of WWI and the beginning of WWII and was the immediate predecessor of the United Nations.

Front 20

Maastricht Treaty

Back 20

The most significant agreement in the recent history of the European union (EU). The Maastricht Treaty was signed by leaders of the EU’s 12-member-countries in December 1991 and outlines steps toward further political-economic integration.

Front 21

Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

Back 21

International/transnational actors that are composed of member-countries.

Front 22

European Union

Back 22

The Western European regional organization established in 1983 when the Maastricht Treaty went into effect. The EU encompasses the still legally existing European Community (EC). When three still legally existing regional organizations formed in the 1950s: the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM).

Front 23

Power

Back 23

The totality of a country’s international capabilities. Power is based on multiple resources, which alone or in concert allow one country to have its interests prevail in the international system. Power is especially important in enabling one state to achieve its goals when it clashes with the goals and wills of other international actors.

Front 24

Adversarial Diplomacy

Back 24

A negotiation situation where two or more countries’ interests clash, but when there is little or no chance of armed conflict.

Front 25

Bilateral Diplomacy

Back 25

Negotiations between two countries or actors.

Front 26

Coalition Diplomacy

Back 26

A negotiation situation where a number of countries have similar interests, which are often in opposition to the interests of one or more other countries.

Front 27

Multilateral diplomacy

Back 27

Negotiations among three or more countries.

Front 28

Coercive Diplomacy

Back 28

The use of threats or force as a diplomatic tactic (Iraq, Cuba)

Front 29

Summit Meetings

Back 29

High-level meetings for diplomatic negotiations between national political leaders.

Front 30

Relative power

Back 30

Power measured in comparison with the power of other international actors.

Front 31

Persuasive Power

Back 31

“Soft power” such as moral authority or technological excellence.

Front 32

Open Diplomacy

Back 32

The public conduct of negotiations and the publication of agreements.

Front 33

Parliamentary Diplomacy

Back 33

Debate and voting in international organizations to settle diplomatic issues.

Front 34

Zero-sum game

Back 34

A contest in which gains by one player can only be achieved by equal losses for another players. A non-zero-sum game is a situation in which one or more players, even all players, can gain without offsetting losses for any other player or players.

Front 35

High-level Diplomacy

Back 35

Has advantages. Verbal and written statements by heads of government that is noted seriously in other capitals. (Violence between Israelis and Palestinians)

Front 36

Low-level Diplomacy

Back 36

Communication at a low level, avoiding overreaction and maintaining flexibility. (Taiwan crisis of 2000)