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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Locke
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Second Treatise of Civil Government
Declaration of Independence based off his ideas |
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New Jersey Plan
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Stronger State Rights
more similar to the Articles of Confederation wanted a week federal government |
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Virginia Plan
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Stronger Federal Government
Similar to the Constitution |
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Federalism
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A system of Government in which power is divided between a central government and several regional governments
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Federalist Papers
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85 papers authored by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay
Majority written by Madison written to influence antifederalist to support the federalist movement |
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Federalist #10
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Written by Madison
Factions and Factionalism (interest groups/special interest groups) only solution is to allow unlimited groups in order to weaken their voice Main cause of factions: diverse interest and right to private property |
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Federalist #51
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formation of the government
try to convince that they put in separation of powers and checks and balances power of people diluted by checks and balances |
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Supremacy Clause
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Article IV
Federal Law supersedes State Law |
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Elastic Clause
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Article I, Section 8
Necessary and Proper Clause Congress can make any law that they find is necessary and proper to the government |
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Shay's Rebellion
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Rebellion of Revolutionary War Veterans that had not been paid for their involvement in the Revolutionary War
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Dual Federalism
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The theory that state and federal government presided over mutually exclusive spheres of sovereignty
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19th Amendmant
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Ratified in April of 1920
Amendment that granted women the right to vote. |
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Implied Powers
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Powers not directly mentioned in the constitution but implied. Implied interpreted by the Supreme Court
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Delegated or enumerated powers
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Powers expressly granted or enumerated in the Constitution and limited in nature
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Reserved Powers
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Powers not assigned by the constitution
Left to the States & the people by the 10th Amendment |
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Articles of Confederation
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First form of government for the United States
Created a weak/non-existent federal government with a limited unicameral congress Unicameral Congress authorized to declare war, negotiate peace, coin money, establish post offices, and negotiate with Indian Tribes gave strength to the states Problems: Could not raise revenue, Couldn't draft soldiers, No national Leadership, Could force states to comply with Federal Laws |
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Plato (film)
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"The Republic"
Utopian Government: Rulers (Gold) = Philosopher Kings (rulers can't have and those who have can't rule) (Silver) = security and military (Bronze) = Poets, musicans |
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Direct Democracy
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equally participate in political decision making
Town hall meeting |
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Representative Democracy
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Citizen directly elect a representative to make the political decisions for their group of people
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Republic
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Indirect representation of popular will
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Politics (3 definitions)
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1. Conflict over ideas that inflict the public at large
2. science of who gets what, when, and how 3. authoritative allocation of resources & values in society |
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Power
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Ability for B to get A to do something that A would not normally do.
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Declaration of Independence
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Formed at the Second Continental Congress
Declared Independence from British Crown Based off of Locke's ideals Credited Author: Ben Franklin Originally mentioned the immorality of slavery but was cut out in order to make it so the south would sign |
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Checks and Balances
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Built into the Constitution so that no one part of the government is stronger than the other.
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Antifederalist
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Strong State rights advocates who organized in opposition to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution prior to its adoption
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Gibbons v. Ogden
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Lankmark Supreme Court Case that expanded government powers by giving Congress broad regularly authority on Interstate Commerce Clause
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Civil Liberties (1st Amendment)
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Freedom of Speech, assembly, press, religion
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Unitary vs Federalist System
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Unitary: One government controls the entire nation
Federalist System: nation broke up to regions (states) which has their own government and nation has government that oversees and regulates the regional governments |
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Separation of Powers
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Legislative Branch makes the laws
Judicial Branch rules on legality of laws Executive Branch commander and chief of military as well as the "head" of the government |
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3/5 Compromise
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slave counted as 3/5 of a person for population count for representation and taxes in order to get the south to join the constitution
gave south equal representation in the house |
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Great Compromise
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House of Reps: proportional representation
Senate: equal representation protects Atlantic slave trade for at least 20 years |
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Grants-in aid
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Financial incentives to make the states cooperate with federal government
2 types: Categorical Grants (Democrats) Block Grants (Republicans) |
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Block Grant
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grant that gives states more flexibility on how they spend the money
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Nationalization
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process that federal government expands power that originally were state powers
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Constitution
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Article I: Legislature
Article II: Executive Article III: Judicial Article IV: Interstate Relations Article V: Amending the Constitution Article VI: Federal-State Relations Article VII: Ratification |
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Unicameral
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One house congress
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Bicameral
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Two house congress
United States version: House of Reps and Senate |
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Powers of Congress
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Make laws, levy taxes, propose amendment to the constitution, House impeach, Senate trial for impeachment
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Powers of Executive
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military decisions, treaty negotiations
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Power to Impeach
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House of Representatives Impeach
Senate Trial of Impeachment |
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Funded Mandates
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Government provides money for federal programs i.e. No Child Left Behind Act
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Unfunded Mandate
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Government doesn't provide enough money for state to fully support program
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Constitutional bases for nationalization
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Supremacy Clause
Necessary and Proper Clause 14th Amendment |
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Process of amending the constitution
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2/3 of congress vote for amendment
3/4 of states or state legislature ratify |
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Philadelphia Convention
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Formed to create Declaration of Independence
55 members: white, land owning, wealthy,educated males State rights = bill of rights Slavery = protected Atlantic Slave trade for 20 years |
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Main events that led to Declaration of Independence
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British violating colonial British Citizen's rights
Force of repayment for French and Indian War Taxing without representation |
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First Continental Congress
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wanted to reestablish positive ties with British Crown
was not looking to declare independence |
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Second Continental Congress
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declared independence and signed declaration of independence as well as created Articles of Confederation
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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Landmark Supreme Court Case that established that the federal government has the implied power to charter national banks in any state or territory
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Triad of powers
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Interstate Commerce Clause, General Welfare Clause, and Tenth Amendment
Three powers that established the government to shift powers between national and state governments |
