Plant Sciences Exam 1

Front 1

Ephemeral

Back 1

Can have multiple life cycles in a year

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Annual

Back 2

Plant completes its entire lifecycle in one year or less

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Biennial

Back 3

A flowering plant that takes two years to complete its life cycle.

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Perennial

Back 4

Plant that persists for two years or more.

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Masting

Back 5

Producing so many fruits/cones that herbaceous eaters can’t consume all of them.

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Monocarpic

Back 6

Flowers once, then dies

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Tender annual

Back 7

Absolutely no frost resistance

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Half Hardy annual

Back 8

Barely withstand frost

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Hardy annual

Back 9

Sown outside, will withstand frost

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Winter annual

Back 10

Germinates in autumn, lives through winter, produces seeds, dies following season

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Pedicel

Back 11

Stalk of a flower

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Receptacle

Back 12

Stem tip bearing flower

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Complete flower

Back 13

Has all customary flower parts

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Calyx

Back 14

Speaks of a flower, enclosed petals and forms protective layer over flower bud. Not always green.

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Sepals

Back 15

Each part of the calyx of a flower

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Incomplete flower

Back 16

Flowers with one or more of the usual flower parts missing

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Corolla

Back 17

the petals of a flower, typically forming a whorl within the sepals and enclosing the reproductive organs

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Perianth

Back 18

the outer part of a flower, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)

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Tepals

Back 19

a segment of the outer whorl in a flower that has no differentiation between petals and sepals

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Stamen

Back 20

the male fertilizing organ of a flower, typically consisting of a pollen-containing anther and a filament

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Anther

Back 21

the part of a stamen that contains the pollen

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Filament

Back 22

Slender stalk-like structure that attaches to the base of the flower and supports the anther

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Pistil

Back 23

the female organs of a flower, comprising the stigma, style, and ovary.

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Style

Back 24

Long slender stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary

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Ovary

Back 25

Ultimately becomes the fruit, contains one or more undeveloped seed. Part of the pistil which holds the ovule

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Ovules

Back 26

Structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells

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Flower (botany)

Back 27

A shoot modified for reproduction

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Gametes

Back 28

Sex or reproductive cell that fuses during sexual reproduction to form a new cell know as a zygote. Sperm (male gamete) egg (female gamete)

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Zygote

Back 29

Cell formed when gametes dude during sex

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Actinomorphic

Back 30

Radially symmetrical

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Nomenclature

Back 31

System of naming used to identify groups of organisms

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Nomenclature

Back 32

System of naming used to identify groups of organisms

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How are species names constructed?

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A Latin binomial of a genus name and a specific epithet

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Taxonomy

Back 34

the science of organizing and naming things in a systematic way.

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Stem functions

Back 35

Structural support for leaves, flowers, fruits - a framework for energy-gathering and reproducing

Transport of fluids

Storage of nutrients and minerals

Production of new tissues at meristems

Protection of some processes / tissues from environment (sometimes Herbivory, sometimes energy gathering sometimes vegetative reproduction)

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Root function

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Often, to anchor the plant in a substrate

Absorption of water and inorganic (mineral) nutrients

Often food storage

Sometimes, vegetative reproduction

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Angiosperm

Back 37

a plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel (covered by flesh). The angiosperms are a large group and include herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses, and most trees

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Bud scale

Back 38

A modified leaf that protects the bud

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Caudex

Back 39

The persistent and often woody base of a herbaceous perennial

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Caulis

Back 40

The main stem of a herbaceous plant

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Cuticle

Back 41

The waxy layer on the surface of a stem

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Gymnosperm

Back 42

a plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit (no seed coating) Gymnosperms include the conifers, cycads, and ginkgo.

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Monocotyledonous (monocot)

Back 43

a flowering plant with an embryo that bears a single cotyledon (seed leaf). Monocotyledons constitute the smaller (20%) of the two great divisions of flowering plants, and typically have elongated stalkless leaves with parallel veins (e.g. grasses, lilies, palms)

Flower parts in multiples of three

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Dicotyledonous (dicot)

Back 44

a flowering plant with an embryo that bears two cotyledons (seed leaves). Dicotyledons constitute the larger of the two great divisions (80%) of flowering plants, and typically have broad, stalked leaves with netlike veins (e.g., daisies, hawthorns, oaks)

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Axillary bud

Back 45

a bud located in the axil of a leaf (junction of stem and leaf petiole)

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Bark

Back 46

The outermost layers of a woody stem including all the living and non living tissues external to the cambium

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Bole

Back 47

Main stem of a tree below the branches (trunk)

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Branchlet

Back 48

Small branch

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Bud

Back 49

An undeveloped shoot or flower, embryonic shoot

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Bud scale scar

Back 50

Scar left on a twig by the bud scales

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Subspecies

Back 51

Potentially interbreeding natural population or group of populations differing in some significant morphology (physical) characteristic from the typical form of the species

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Androecium

Back 52

Male house

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Androecium

Back 53

Male house

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Gynoecium

Back 54

Female house

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Epicaylx

Back 55

Additional whorl around the calyx of a flower

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Front (Term)

Back 56

Campanulate

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Front (Term)

Back 57

Funnel shaped

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Front (Term)

Back 58

Cruciform

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Front (Term)

Back 59

Ligulate

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Front (Term)

Back 60

Back (Definition)

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Front (Term)

Back 61

Tubular

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Front (Term)

Back 62

Back (Definition)

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How are plant taxa grouped?

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Evolutionary relationships

Life cycle length

Woodiness

Growth type

Conducting tissue

Reproductive structures

Type of seed

Persistence of foliage

Type of leaf

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Name the sub disciplines of botany:

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Anatomy

Morphology

Physiology

Taxonomy

Ecology

Economic

Ethnobotany

Conservation

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Name the two kinds of flower symmetry

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Irregular (zygomorphic)

Radially symmetrical

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Anemorphily

Back 66

Wind pollination

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Anemorphily

Back 67

Wind pollination

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Hydrophily

Back 68

Water pollination

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Melittophily

Psychopily

Phanaenophily

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Bee pollination

Butterfly pollination

Moth pollination

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Myophily

Sapromyophily

Ornithophily

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Fly pollination

Fly pollination

Bird pollination

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Chiropterophily

Cantarophily

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Bat pollination

Beetle pollination

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Autogamy

Back 72

Self pollination

Characteristics - small flowers, usually white. No nectar or scents. Corolla parts often rrsuced or sometimes absent. Anther and stigma close. Staggered pollen release.

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Seed-strain

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Applied to seedlings of cultivated plants that’s have a persistent “Locked in” desirable characteristic

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Horticulture group

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Applied to seedlings of cultivates plants with a shared physical characteristic.

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Forms

Back 75

A single minor physical difference that is naturally occurring. Nothing to do with geography

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Gamopetalous

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gamopetalous means a corolla composed of partially or wholly fused petals forming a corolla shaped like a tube or funnel.

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Gamopetalous

Back 77

gamopetalous means a corolla composed of partially or wholly fused petals forming a corolla shaped like a tube or funnel.

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Polypetalous

Back 78

Having, or consisting of separate petals

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Crown (perennial)

Back 79

The persistent base of a herbaceous perennial

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Internode

Back 80

The portion of a stem between two nodes

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Internode

Back 81

The portion of a stem between two nodes

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Joint

Back 82

The section of a a stem from which a leaf or branch arises.

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Meristem

Back 83

Undifferentiated, actively dividing tissues at the growing tips of a shoot

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Scape

Back 84

A smooth stem without leaves or branches

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Terminal bud

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Bud located at the tip of a stem

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Cladophyll

Back 86

A stem with the form and function of a leaf function of a leaf

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Corm

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A short solid verticals stem underground with papery thin leaves

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Culm

Back 88

A hollow stock or stem

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Form

Back 89

Minor morphological differences not isolated geographically

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Acaulescent

Back 90

Without stem

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Ascending

Back 91

Growing obliquely upwards

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Caespitose

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Growing in dense tuft

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Growing in dense tufts

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Cauliflorous

Back 93

Bearing flowers on the stem or trunk

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Clambering

Back 94

Weakly climbing on other plants or objects

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Decumbent

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Reclining on the ground but with the tip ascending

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Eramous

Back 96

With unbranched stems

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Fruticose

Back 97

Shrubby or shrub like

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Prostrate

Back 98

Lying flat on the ground

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Pulvinate

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Cushion like or mat like

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Ramose

Back 100

With many branches, branching

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Recumbent

Back 101

Leaning or resting on the ground

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Recumbent

Back 102

Leaning or resting on the ground

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Suffrutescent

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Somewhat shrubby, slightly woody at the base