Physiology Endocrine Part 2

Front 1

Male reproductive hormones

Back 1

1. Gonadotropin releasing hormones

Produces

2. LH and FSH

3 LH produces testosterone

Testosterone and FSH cause spermatogenesis

Front 2

Testosterone

Back 2

1. Develop male organs and 2nd sex characteristics

2. Stimulated bone growth at epiphyseal plate

3. Promotes protein anabolsim(growth)

4. Stimulates spermatogenesis

Front 3

Female reproduction hormones

Back 3

1. Hypothalamus

- gonadotropin releasing hormone

Which cause

2. Anterior pituity

- LH and FSH

Which cause

3. Ovaries

Estrogen

Front 4

FSH

Back 4

1. Stimulates primary follicle to become secondary follicle

2. Inhibited by progesterone

Front 5

LH (NOT surge)

Back 5

1. Stimulated estrogen production from theta and granulosa cells(follicals)

2. Inhbited by progesterone

Front 6

LH surges

Back 6

Caused by positive feedback until ovulation

1. E from secondary follicle rises

2. Stimulating LH to rise

3. Stimulating E to rise

Causes ovulation and formation of corpus lutein from remnants of follical

Front 7

Estrogen in females

Back 7

1. Develops 2nd sex characteristics

2. Stim. Growth and maintains endometrium

3. Inceease bone growth and closure of epiphyses

Front 8

Progesterone

Back 8

Comes from corpus luteum

Prepares uterus for pregnancy

Front 9

Ovary:follicular phase

Back 9

Early on: P low & LH and FSH secreted

1° follicles to 2° follicles due to FSH

Later on: one 2° follicle becomes vesicular follicle

Front 10

Uterus 2 phases

Back 10

1. Menstrual phase (day 1-5)

2. Proliferative phase (day 6-14)

Front 11

Menstrual phase of uterus

Back 11

Stratum functionalism shed and denuded areas blend

Menstrual flow = blood, cells, secretions

Front 12

Proliferative phase of uterus

Back 12

Estrogen leads to

1. Repairs

2. Proliferation

Of stratum functionalis

Front 13

Ovulation

Back 13

Day 14

LH triggers

1. Completion of meiosis 1 (2° occyte)

2. Rupture of vesicular follicle with release of 2° oocyte

Front 14

Luteal phase of ovary

Back 14

Day 15-28

High P from corpus luteum inhibits GnRH (LH & FSH)

- no follicles develop

Front 15

Secretory phase of uterus

Back 15

P from corpus luteum

1. Prepares endometrium for implementation (store extra glycogen)

2. Inhibits uterine contraction

Front 16

When fertilization occurs

Back 16

1. Placenta secretes human chronic gonadotropin

2. Corpus luteum secrets P and E

3. High P inhibits FSH and LH

Front 17

hCG

Back 17

Maintains corpus luteum for first 6 weeks

Detected by pregnancy test

Stim. Testosterone secretion by fetal testes

Front 18

If NO fertilization

Back 18

1.corpus lutein becomes corpus albicans (no hCG, low LH)

2. P and E decress

- LG and FSH no longer inhibited

- no longer maintain endometrium (menstruation)

Front 19

Oral contraceptives

Back 19

High P and E inhibits GnRH (low FSH and LH)

No follicle maturation, no ovulation

Front 20

Implants

Back 20

E.g. progestin

Similar mechanism to oral contraceptives

Front 21

Morning after pill

Back 21

High E and progestin or just progestin

Prevents implantation, ovulation or fertilization

Front 22

3 types of contraceptives

Back 22

1. Oral contraceptives

2. Implants

3. Morning after pill

Front 23

Placenta (basics)

Back 23

Formed from chorion (fetus) and endometrium (maternal)

Blood vessels of mom and fetus close but not mixing

Front 24

Exchange site of placenta

Back 24

1. Gases, nutrients/wastes, hormones, antibodies (passive immunity)

2. Drugs e.g. alcohol, morphine,nicotine

3. Viruses (measles, polio)

Front 25

Hormones secreted by placenta

Back 25

E + P

HCG