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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three layers of a artery/vein wall?
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tunica intima
tunica media tunica externa |
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What is the tunica intima?
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Is the innermost layer
Includes: the endothelial lining connective tissue layer Internal Elastic Membrane In arteries, is a layer of elastic fibers in outer margin of tunica intima |
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What is tunica media?
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Is the middle layer
Contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle in loose connective tissue Binds to inner and outer layers External elastic membrane of the tunica media: separates tunica media from tunica externa |
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What is tunica externa?
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Is outer layer
Contains connective tissue sheath Anchors vessel to adjacent tissues In arteries: contain collagen elastic fibers In veins: contain elastic fibers smooth muscle cells |
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What are vaso vasorum?
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Small arteries and veins
In walls of large arteries and veins Supply cells of tunica media and tunica externa |
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Arteries vs. Veins
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Arteries and veins run side-by-side
Arteries have thicker walls and higher blood pressure Artery has small, round lumen Vein has a large, flat lumen Vein lining contracts, artery lining does not Artery lining folds Arteries more elastic Veins have valves |
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What are the resistance vessels?
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Arterioles
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What is an aneurysm?
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A bulge in an arterial wall
Is caused by weak spot in elastic fibers Pressure may rupture vessel |
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What is capillary structure?
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Endothelial tube, inside thin basal lamina
No tunica media No tunica externa Diameter is similar to red blood cell |
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What are the two types of capillaries?
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Continuous capillaries
Fenestrated capillaries (allow passage of larger particles) |
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What are vein valves?
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Folds of tunica intima
Prevent blood from flowing backward Compression pushes blood toward heart |
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How does capillary exchange occur?
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Diffusion, Filtration, reabsorption
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What are the four functions of blood and lymph cycle?
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Ensures constant plasma and interstitial fluid communication
Accelerates distribution of nutrients, hormones, and dissolves gases through tissues Transports insoluble lipids and tissue proteins that can’t cross capillary walls Flushes bacterial toxins and chemicals to immune system tissues |
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What are three regulatory systems for cardiac output and blood pressure?
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Autoregulation: causes immediate, localized homeostatic adjustments
Neural mechanisms: respond quickly to changes at specific sites Endocrine mechanisms: direct long-term changes |
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What are three effects of light exercise?
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Extensive vasodilation occurs: increasing circulation
Venous return increases: with muscle contractions Cardiac output rises: due to rise in venous return causes gradual increase in cardiac output to about double resting level And due to atrial stretching |
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What are five effects of heavy exercise?
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Activates sympathetic nervous system
Cardiac output increases to maximum: about 4 times resting level Restricts blood flow to “nonessential” organs (e.g., digestive system) Redirects blood flow to skeletal muscles, lungs, and heart Blood supply to brain is unaffected |
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What three systems have seperate blood flow?
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brain
heart lungs |
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What are the three unpaired branches of abdominal aorta?
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Celiac trunk, divides into:
left gastric artery splenic artery common hepatic artery Superior mesenteric artery Left mesenteric artery |
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What are the five paired branches of abdominal aorta?
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Inferior phrenic arteries
Suprarenal arteries Renal arteries Gonadal arteries Lumbar arteries |
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What are the two fetal circulatory bipasses?
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Foramen ovale:
interatrial opening covered by valve-like flap directs blood from right to left atrium Ductus arteriosus: short vessel connects pulmonary and aortic trunks |
