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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychiatric Disorders |
-Disorders of psychological function that requires treatment -Diagnosis is guided by the DSM IV TR of the APA |
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Schizophrenia |
-"Splitting of psychic functions"- Refers to the breakdown of integration of emotion, thought andaction |
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Causative Factors of Schizo |
-Genetic contribution -Multiple causes: Chromosomes implicated, Associated with various early causes: infections, autoimmune reactions, toxins, traumatic injury, stress |
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Chlorpromazine |
Calms many agitated schizo and activates many emotionally blunt schizo |
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Reserpine |
Also known to be effective, no longer used. |
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True |
Both drugs are not effective for 2 - 3 weeks, and Parkinson -like motoreffects are seen |
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Dopamine theory of Schizophrenia |
Link between dopamine and parkinsons disease. Schizophrenia is associated with dopamine overactivity |
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Reserpine |
Depletes brain dopamine activity and other monoamines vy making vesicles leaky |
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Amphetamine and cocaine |
Dopamine agonists and produce psychosis |
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Chlorpromazine |
Antagonizes dopamine activity vy binding and blocking dopamine receptors |
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True |
The higher affinity a drug has for dopamine receptors, the more effective it is in treating schizophrenia |
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Haloperidol |
While most antipsychotics drugs bind to D1 and D2 receptors, other butyro phenones bind to D2 |
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Depression |
Normal reaction to loss, abnormal when it persists or has no cause |
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Mania |
Overconfidence, impulsivity, distractability and high energy |
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Major categories of affective disorders |
Psychiatric disorders characterized by disturbances of mood or emotion (also known as mood disorders), depression, mania |
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Types of Depression |
Unipolar vs Bipolar Reactive vs Endogenous |
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Causative factors of Affective disorders |
- they are common - genetics - stressful experiences - seasonal affective disorder (climate depression due to reduction of sunlight) |
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's)- Iproniazid |
-prevent breakdown of monoamines -must avoid food high in tyramine- "cheese effect" |
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Tricyclic antidepressants- Imipramine |
-Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine -safer than MAOIS |
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Selective Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors |
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft and others. No more effective than tricyclics but side effects are few) and Selective Norepinephrine |
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True |
Due to bipolar disoder shinkage from the brain particularly the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex is found |
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Diathesis- Stress Model of Depression |
Genetic susceptibility + Stress |
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Fail dexanethasone suppression test |
Normal negative feedback on stress hormones not functioning in many depressed patients |
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True |
Chronic electrical stimulation near the anterior cingulate gyrus helped relieve depression |
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Anxiety |
Fear in the absence of threat |
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Anxiety disorder |
When anxiety inferes with normal functioning. Accompanied by physiological symptoms: tachycardia, hypertension, sleep disturbances, nausea. THE MOST PREVALENT PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER! |
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Five Classes of Anxiety Disorders |
Generalized Anxiety Disorders Phobic Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorders Obsessive- Compulsive Disorders Posttraumatic Stress Disorder |
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Benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium) |
-Also used as hypnotics, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants- GABA agonists - bind to receptor and facilitate effects of GABA; highlyaddictive |
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Serotonin agonists (buspirone, SSRI) |
Re-duce anxiety without sedation,generate side effects |
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Antidepressants |
-effective due to comorbidity of anxiety and depression |
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Neural Basis of Anxiety |
-Suggest a role of SEROTONIN and GABA -may involved amygdala due to its role in fear and defensive behavior |
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Tourette Syndrome |
-A disorder of tics ( involuntary movements) or vocalizations-Begins in childhood-Major genetic component-Associated mostly with signs of ADHD and / or OCD-Patients tend to have smaller caudate nuclei |
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Treatment of Tourette |
Neuroleptics, D2 blockers (suggest abnormality in basal ganglia, thalamus, cortex feedback circuit |
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Treatment of affective disorder |
EXERCISE! HAHAHAHAHA |
