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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is an acid
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a. Any substance that adds H+ to fluids
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2. What is a base?
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a. Any substance that removes H+ from body fluids
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3. pH=?
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a. –log[h+]
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4. Henderson hasselbaclh equation?
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a. pH=pKa + log [A]/[HA]
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5. What are 2 types of acids produced by physiological processes?
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a. Volatile
b. Fixed |
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6. What is a volatile acid?
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a. Carbonic acid
b. It can be converted to CO2 c. Handled by lungs |
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7. What is a fixed acid?
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a. Lactic, acetoacetic, B-hydroxybutyric, etc.
b. Handled by kidneys |
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8. Processes producing H+?
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a. Metabolism of carbs/fatty acids/amino acids
b. Anareobic glycolysis: lactic acid |
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9. Metabolism of aa’s form?
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a. Sulfuric acid, hydrocholoric acid
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10. What are processes that consume H+
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a. Oxidation of lactic acid
b. Lactic acid → glucose c. Oxidation of ketone bodies d. Catabolism of amino acids to ammonium e. Metabolism of citrate |
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11. What are foods that have acidifying effect?
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a. Proteins
b. Cranberries, plums, prunes i. Benzoic acid c. Tea and cocoa i. Oxalic acid |
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12. Is a western diet acidic or alkaline?
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a. Acidic
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13. Foods with alkalizing effect?
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a. Fruits
i. Citrus, tomatoes b. Vegetables |
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14. What is the role of buffers?
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a. Minimize the change in pH
b. DO NOT PREVENT CHANGES IN pH |
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15. What is the pKa buffer value?
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a. You want them to be around the pH
b. So pKa is -1 to +1 of desired pH |
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16. How would you characterize a Buffers capacity to minimize changes in pH?
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a. It is limited, can only handle so much
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17. What is the major buffering system in the body?
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a. Bicarbonate / CO2
b. CO2 + H2O ←→ H2CO3 ←→ HCO3- + H+ c. carbonic anhydrase |
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18. What do inorganic and organic phosphates do?
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a. Excrete acid in the kidney
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19. What role does acid/base balance play in bone?
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a. Breaking down bone can help absorb free hydrogen ions
b. bone formation: deposition of hydroxyapatite produces H+ c. bone resporption: hydroxyapatite breakdown consumes H+ d. carbonate released from bone can accept H+ |
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21. What is a typical pH?
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7.4
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22. What is a typical PaCO2 level?
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40
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23. What is a typical HCO3 concentration?
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24
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23. What is a typical HCO3 concentration?
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a. Takes into account the number of anions that will allow you to buffer excess H+ ions
b. Greater than 2, causes alkalosis c. Less than 2, causes acidosis d. Normal range -2 to +2 |
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25. Normal range of Na
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a. 135-145
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normal range of K
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3.5-5
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normal range Cl
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95-105
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28. Normal CO2 content?
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a. Equivalent to concentration of bicarb
b. 21-29 c. Will look at bicarb, dissolved CO2, and H2CO3 (carbonic acid) i. And dissolved and carbonic are really low 1. Meaning you will reflect amount of bicarb |
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29. In the HH equation what do [A-] and [HA] represent?
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a. pH = pK’ + log [A-]/[HA]
b. [A-] ~ bicarbonate c. [HA] ~ PaCO2 to estimate H2CO3 |
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30. What are the 2 types of acid/base disorders?
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a. Simple vs. Mixed
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31. What is the difference between acidosis and acidemia
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a. Acidosis: relating to disturbance of acid/base balance
b. Acidemia: specifically relating to pH |
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32. What is a primary acid/base disorder?
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a. Disorder is reparatory or metabolic
i. Respiratory: ∆ PaCO2 responsible for ‘abnormal’ pH ii. Metabolic: ∆ [HCO3-] responsible for ‘abnormal’ pH |
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33. What is a simple acid/base disturbance?
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a. One problem, either metabolic or repiratory
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34. What is a mixed(complex) acid/base disturbance
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a. Metabolic/respiratory plus something else
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35. What is the process of compensation?
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a. response to disturbance in acid / base balance in attempts to restore pH to normal
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36. Does the body ever try to overcompensate?
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a. NO!
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if you have respiratory acidosis, what will be the initial change and compensatory response?
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increase PCO2
Increase HCO3 |
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in repiratory alkalosis, what will be the initial change and compensatory response?
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Decrease PCO2
Decrease HCO3 |
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in metabolic acidosis, what will be the initial change and compensatory response?
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decrease in HCO3
Decrease PCO2 |
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in metabolic alkalosis, what will be the initial change and compensatory response?
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Increase HCO3
Increase PCO2 |
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38. How do you assess an acid/base disorder (steps to figure out what you have)
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a. Asses pH
i. Assess PaCO2 and [HCO3] 1. - pH and PaCO2 move in opposite directions - respiratory 2. - pH and [HCO3-] move in same direction - metabolic |
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A 45- year old female is admitted to a nursing unit. Her blood gas results are as follows: pH 7.28 PaCO2 55 HCO3- 25
This patient suffers from what condition? |
Respiratory acidosis
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