Phy Sci (Big Bang)

Front 1

The Big Bang Theory states that? (3)

Back 1

The universe began as a HOT and INFINITELY DENSE point. It is similar to a BLACK HOLE. It happened 13.7 BILLION years ago when a tiny singularity violently exploded.

Front 2

What are the 2 stages of the Universe's Evolution?

Back 2

• Radiation Era

• Matter Era

Front 3

EPOCHS (RADIATION ERA) w/ explanation

Back 3

1. Plank; no matter existed and there were 4 superforce (Gravity, Strong Nuclear, Electromagnetic, Weak)

2. Grand Unification; gravity split from the superforce (3 na lang sila)

3. Inflationary; Universe rapidly expanded from size of atom to size of grapefruit

4. Electroweak; Electromagnetic and Weak split up

5. Quark; all elements are present BUT it was too hot and dense for subatomic particles to form

6. Hadron; Universe cooled down, quarks bind together, formation of protons and neutrons

(7.-8.) Lepton and Nuclear; proton and neutron fused, creating nuclei and creating the 1st element in the universe, HELIUM

Front 4

EPOCHS IN MATTER ERA

Back 4

• Atomic Epoch - universe cooled down, electrons attach to nuclei for the first time (created Hydrogen)

• Galactic Epoch - hydrogen + helium = formed atomic clouds, and from these clouds, became the seedlings of galaxies

• Stellar Epoch - The formation of stars helped shape the universe, heat in the stars caused the conversion of H and He into all remaining elements in the universe

Front 5

Belgian cosmologist and priest who pioneered the Big Bang Model

Back 5

Abbe George Edouard Lemaitre

Front 6

British astronomer who coined the Big Bang

Back 6

Fred Hoyle

Front 7

Inspiration of Lemaitre

Back 7

Albert Einstein

Front 8

Proposed that the universe is spatial bound (infinite) and that the universe is static.

Back 8

Albert Einstein

Front 9

3 Key Observational Evidence of the Big Bang

Back 9

1. Hubble/Cosmic Expansion

2. Cosmic Microwave Background

3. Primordial or Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Front 10

What up with Edwin Hubble?

Back 10

Made the major discovery of Hubble's exapantion using the 100 inch hooker telescope

Front 11

What are cepheids?

Back 11

Class of variable stars pulbating peeriodically; used as an indicator of distance and velocity

Front 12

What did George Gomow, Robert Herman, Ralph Alpher predict?

Back 12

That the early stage of the universe was hot and dense, then an afterglow of radiation must have filled up the universe because of the cooling process

Front 13

Afterglow of radiation is called?

Back 13

Cosmic Microwave Background

Front 14

Who predicted the CMB

Back 14

George Gomow

Ralph Alpher

Robert Herman

Front 15

The 2 radio astronomers that confirmed the presence of CMB

Back 15

Arno Penzias

Robert Wilson

Front 16

Confirmation of CMB

Where? When? What temp?

Back 16

Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, USA

1946

2.7 Kelvin

Front 17

What is the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (2)

Back 17

Produces light elements after the big bang

The fusion of PROTON AND NEUTRON

Front 18

3 PARTS OF NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND EXPLANATION

Back 18

1. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

-formation of the nuclei of H and he; happened 3 mins after the big bang - Hand He nuclei attracted electrons which allowed them to form full neutral atoms

2. Stellar Nucleosynthesis

-process of fusion in the center of the stars

-formation of He to Fe

3. Supernova Nucleosynthesis

-elements are formed during the violent explotions of stars.

-has a looot of neutrons so elements heavier that Fe was formed

Front 19

Key ratio of BBN

Back 19

75 % Hydrogen

25 % Helium

Front 20

Believed everything is made out of Atoms

Back 20

Democritus

Front 21

Father of Atomism

Back 21

Democritus

Front 22

Greek word that means Atom

Back 22

Atomos

Front 23

What are the characteristics of Atomos

Back 23

indestructible

uncuttable

Front 24

Atoms was proposed by Democritus' teacher who is....

Back 24

Leuccipus

Front 25

"To understand the very large, we must understand the very small"

Back 25

Democritus

Front 26

4 Elements

Back 26

Earth

Fire

Air

Water

Front 27

What did Anaxagoras believe in?

Back 27

Most of the things come from seeds

Front 28

Believed that everything came from the 4 elements

Back 28

Empedocles

Front 29

Added Ether to the 4 elements

Back 29

Aristotle

Front 30

What is the meaning of Ether

Back 30

Space or Void

Front 31

In alchemy they are achieving to get:

Back 31

Philosopher's Stone (turns things into gold)

Elixir (Medicine)

Front 32

Democritus' description of atom (400 BC)

Back 32

simply a round sphere with no electrons, protons or neutrons

Front 33

John Dalton's description of atom (1808)

Back 33

Tiny particles that can not be divided

Front 34

Said that each element has its own atom

Back 34

John Dalton

Front 35

Discovered the Electrons

Back 35

JJ Thompson (1897)

Front 36

Description of electrons

Back 36

Smaller particles, negatively charged, no mass

Front 37

Could not find the positive particle

Back 37

JJ Thompson

Front 38

Thomson's Model

Back 38

Plum Pudding Model

Front 39

JJ's term for electeons

Back 39

Corpuscles

Front 40

What was E. Rutherford's experiment?

Back 40

Goild foil experiment

Front 41

Whose experiment led to the discovery of nucleus

Back 41

E. Rutherford

Front 42

Could not decide how protons and neutrons were arranged

Back 42

E. Rutherford

Front 43

Niels Bohr

Back 43

Said that electrons travelled in a fixed path around the nucleus

Front 44

Shows why each element emitted its own unique frequency of energy as electrons jumped orbits

Back 44

Atomic Planetary Model

Front 45

Says that we can't know exactly where an electron is in any given time

Back 45

Electron Cloud Model

Front 46

What does the electron cloud do?

Back 46

Assigns electrons to diff. atomic orbitals

Front 47

The smallest unit of matter that retains the identity of the substance

Back 47

ATOM

Front 48

2 Regions of ATOM

Back 48

Electron Cloud

Nucleus

Front 49

Nucleus contains...

Back 49

Mass

Front 50

Atomic #

Back 50

Number of protons in an atom

Front 51

Mass #

Back 51

# of protons and neutrons (addition)

Front 52

An orbital can only hold:

Back 52

1st ring - 2 electrons

2nd ring - 8 electrons

3rd ring - 18 electrons

4th ring - 32 electrons